兴奋-抑制平衡 - 版本历史

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	[[抑制]], [[高电导状态]]		[[抑制]], [[高电导状态]]

−	[[Category:~~计算神经科学]]~~	+	[[Category:待润色]]
−	~~[[Category:神经科学]]~~
−	~~[[Category:突触]]~~
−	~~[[Category:神经元模型~~]]

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 参考<nowiki/>http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Balance_of_excitation_and_inhibition
-此词条由神经动力学读书会词条梳理志愿者安贞桦翻译审校，未经专家审核，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
+此词条由周昌松老师提供，神经动力学读书会词条梳理志愿者安贞桦翻译审校，未经专家审核，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
 In the context of neurophysiology, '''balance of excitation and inhibition''' (E/I balance) refers to the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs corresponding to some neuronal event, such as oscillation or response evoked by sensory stimulation.

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	参考<nowiki/>http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Balance_of_excitation_and_inhibition		参考<nowiki/>http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Balance_of_excitation_and_inhibition

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	参考<nowiki/>http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Balance_of_excitation_and_inhibition		参考<nowiki/>http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Balance_of_excitation_and_inhibition

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 == Intracellular measurement of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs 兴奋性和抑制性突触输入的细胞内测量 ==
-[[Image:fig1.png|thumb|350px|right|F1|Computation of synaptic conductance evoked by sensory stimulus. The average response to whisker deflection in a spiny stellate neuron in layer IV of the rat primary somatosensory cortex is recorded in current-clamp mode while injecting 4 different currents (left panel). In addition, neuron’s capacitance and leak conductance are measured (not shown). By fitting the responses to equation (1) the average excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances evoked by the stimulus are recovered (right panel). Adapted from (Heiss et al., 2008).
+[[Image:fig1.png|thumb|400px|right|F1|Computation of synaptic conductance evoked by sensory stimulus. The average response to whisker deflection in a spiny stellate neuron in layer IV of the rat primary somatosensory cortex is recorded in current-clamp mode while injecting 4 different currents (left panel). In addition, neuron’s capacitance and leak conductance are measured (not shown). By fitting the responses to equation (1) the average excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances evoked by the stimulus are recovered (right panel). Adapted from (Heiss et al., 2008).
 图1：由感觉刺激引起的突触电导的计算。

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 == Intracellular measurement of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs 兴奋性和抑制性突触输入的细胞内测量 ==
-[[Image:Balance_of_inhibition_and_excitation_figure1.png|thumb|400px|right|F1|Computation of synaptic conductance evoked by sensory stimulus. The average response to whisker deflection in a spiny stellate neuron in layer IV of the rat primary somatosensory cortex is recorded in current-clamp mode while injecting 4 different currents (left panel). In addition, neuron’s capacitance and leak conductance are measured (not shown). By fitting the responses to equation (1) the average excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances evoked by the stimulus are recovered (right panel). Adapted from (Heiss et al., 2008).
+[[Image:fig1.png|thumb|400px|right|F1|Computation of synaptic conductance evoked by sensory stimulus. The average response to whisker deflection in a spiny stellate neuron in layer IV of the rat primary somatosensory cortex is recorded in current-clamp mode while injecting 4 different currents (left panel). In addition, neuron’s capacitance and leak conductance are measured (not shown). By fitting the responses to equation (1) the average excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances evoked by the stimulus are recovered (right panel). Adapted from (Heiss et al., 2008).
 图1：由感觉刺激引起的突触电导的计算。
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 //
-[[Image:Balance_of_inhibition_and_excitation_figure2vb.jpg|frame|right|F2|An example of a neuron in the auditory cortex with frequency and intensity co-tuned excitatory and inhibitory inputs. (a) Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances evoked by stimuli of different frequencies and preferred intensity have a similar tuning. The measured conductances are shown at the bottom (green – excitatory conductance, red - inhibitory conductance, black – total conductance). (b) The excitatory and inhibitory inputs are also intensity co-tuned, notation as in (a). Adapted from (Wehr and Zador, 2003).
+[[Image:fig2.jpg|frame|right|F2|An example of a neuron in the auditory cortex with frequency and intensity co-tuned excitatory and inhibitory inputs. (a) Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances evoked by stimuli of different frequencies and preferred intensity have a similar tuning. The measured conductances are shown at the bottom (green – excitatory conductance, red - inhibitory conductance, black – total conductance). (b) The excitatory and inhibitory inputs are also intensity co-tuned, notation as in (a). Adapted from (Wehr and Zador, 2003).
 图2：听觉皮层中神经元的示例，其频率和强度共同调谐兴奋性和抑制性输入。
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 //
-[[Image:Balance_of_inhibition_and_excitation_figure3.jpg|thumb|500px|right|F3|Excitatory and inhibitory inputs are synchronized during spontaneous activity. Two nearby neurons are simultaneously recorded when (a) both are at their resting potential, close to the reversal potential of inhibition (hyperpolarized-hyperpolarized mode); (b) both neurons are depolarized close to the reversal potential of excitation (depolarized-depolarized mode); (c-d) one of the neurons is in the hyperpolarized mode while the other is in the depolarized mode. In (a) the activity is dominated by excitatory inputs, which are seen to be highly synchronized between the neurons. Similarly, in (b) the activity is dominated by inhibitory inputs which are also highly synchronized. Finally, the mixed mode recordings (c-d) demonstrate that the excitatory and inhibitory inputs possess a high degree of synchrony.  Adapted from (Okun and Lampl, 2008).
+[[Image:fig3.jpg|thumb|500px|right|F3|Excitatory and inhibitory inputs are synchronized during spontaneous activity. Two nearby neurons are simultaneously recorded when (a) both are at their resting potential, close to the reversal potential of inhibition (hyperpolarized-hyperpolarized mode); (b) both neurons are depolarized close to the reversal potential of excitation (depolarized-depolarized mode); (c-d) one of the neurons is in the hyperpolarized mode while the other is in the depolarized mode. In (a) the activity is dominated by excitatory inputs, which are seen to be highly synchronized between the neurons. Similarly, in (b) the activity is dominated by inhibitory inputs which are also highly synchronized. Finally, the mixed mode recordings (c-d) demonstrate that the excitatory and inhibitory inputs possess a high degree of synchrony.  Adapted from (Okun and Lampl, 2008).
 图3：在自发活动期间，兴奋性和抑制性输入是同步的。

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 图1：由感觉刺激引起的突触电导的计算。
-在注入4种不同的电流时（左图），以电流钳模式记录大鼠初级躯体感觉皮层的第IV层中，多刺星状神经元对晶须偏转（？）的平均响应。
+在注入4种不同的电流时（左图），以电流钳模式记录大鼠初级躯体感觉皮层的第IV层中，多刺星状神经元对'''<font color="#32CD32">晶须偏转</font>'''的平均响应。
 此外，测量了神经元电容和漏电导（未显示）。
-通过将响应拟合至方程（1），恢复了由刺激引起的平均兴奋性和抑制性突触电导（右图）（句意？？）。改编自（Heiss等人，2008）。
+通过将响应拟合至方程（1），'''<font color="#32CD32">恢复了由刺激引起的平均兴奋性和抑制性突触电导</font>'''（右图）。改编自（Heiss等人，2008）。
 ]]

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 == Intracellular measurement of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs 兴奋性和抑制性突触输入的细胞内测量 ==
 In a pioneering study, Borg-Graham and colleagues used intracellular recordings to directly estimate the synaptic conductance changes evoked in cortical neurons by visual stimulation (Borg-Graham et al., 1996, 1998).
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 //
 The similar tuning of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to different features of the stimuli space appears to be a rather common organizational principle in the sensory areas, however there are several notable exceptions.
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 //

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 [[抑制]], [[高电导状态]]
 [[Category:计算神经科学]]
 [[Category:神经科学]]
 [[Category:突触]]
 [[Category:神经元模型]]