感染率 - 版本历史

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水手9303：/* 临床应用 Clinical applications */

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临床应用 Clinical applications

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水手9303：/* 临床应用 Clinical applications */

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临床应用 Clinical applications

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2020年10月23日 (五) 12:32 Potatozh

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2020年10月23日 (五) 12:32 Potatozh

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←上一版本		2022年6月14日 (二) 14:14的版本
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−	~~此词条暂由Potatozh初译，正在由水手9303校核整理中，带来阅读不便，请见谅。~~	+	此词条暂由Potatozh初译，由水手9303校核整理，如发现问题，请见谅，并恳请告知。

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 Health care facilities routinely track their infection rates according to the guidelines issued by the Joint Commission.<ref>{{cite web | title= Basic Statistical Data Used in Acute Care Facilities | publisher = JB Learning | url = http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763750344/45561_CH01.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref> The healthcare-associated infection (HAI) rates measure infection of patients in a particular hospital. This allows rates to compared with other hospitals. These infections can often be prevented when healthcare facilities follow guidelines for safe care. To get payment from Medicare, hospitals are required to report data about some infections to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). Hospitals currently submit information on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), surgical site infections (SSIs), MRSA Bacteremia, and C. difficile laboratory-identified events. The public reporting of these data is an effort by the Department of Health and Human Services.<ref>{{cite web | title = Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) data | publisher = Medicare.gov| url = https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/Data/Healthcare-Associated-Infections.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>
 卫生保健机构，根据联合委员会发布的准则，定期追踪他们负责跟踪的感染率<ref>{{cite web | title= Basic Statistical Data Used in Acute Care Facilities | publisher = JB Learning | url = http://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763750344/45561_CH01.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。医疗机构感染率（HAI），用于衡量特定医院中患者的感染情况。 这样，可以将感染率与其他医院对比。当医疗机构遵循安全护理指南时，通常可以预防这些感染。想要从卫生管理部门获得拨款，医院必须向（美国）疾病预防控制中心（CDC）下属的国家医疗安全网络（NHSN）报告某些感染的数据。医院目前提交的信息包括：中央静脉导管相关性血流感染（CLABSI），导管相关性尿路感染（CAUTI），手术部位感染（SSI），耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌败血症，以及实验室难以鉴定的事件。这些数据的公开报告，是卫生与公众服务部努力实现的工作<ref>{{cite web | title = Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) data | publisher = Medicare.gov| url = https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/Data/Healthcare-Associated-Infections.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。
 For meaningful comparisons of infection rates, populations must be very similar between the two or more assessments. However, a problem with mean rates is that they cannot reflect differences in risk between populations.<ref>{{cite web | title= NHSN Standardized Infection Ratio |url = https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09 | date= December 2016 }}</ref>
 为了有意义地比较感染率，两次或更多次评估之间的人群必须非常相似。然而，有一个问题是，平均感染率，无法反映不同人群之间的风险差异<ref>{{cite web | title= NHSN Standardized Infection Ratio |url = https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf | accessdate = 2017-01-09 | date= December 2016 }}</ref>。

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 An infection rate (or incident rate) is the probability or risk of an infection in a population. It is used to measure the frequency of occurrence of new instances of infection within a population during a specific time period.
 感染率（或发病率）是一个人群的感染可能性或风险。 它用于衡量特定时间段内某个人群中新感染病例的发生频率。
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 The number of infections equals the cases identified in the study or observed. An example might by HIV infection during a specific time period in the defined population. The population at risk are the cases appearing in the population during the same time period. An example would be all the people in a city during a specific time period. The constant, or K is assigned a value of 100 to represent a percentage. An example would be to who are infected with HIV: 6,000 cases in March divided by the population of a city (one million) multiplied by the constant (K) would give an infection rate of 0.6%. Calculating the infection rate is used to analyze trends for the purpose of infection and disease control.<ref>{{cite web | title = Calculation of Infection Rates|url = http://health.utah.gov/epi/diseases/HAI/resources/Cal_Inf_Rates.pdf |publisher = Utah Department of Health|date= 2017| accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>
 感染数量等于研究中确诊或观察到的病例。一个例子是，在特定时期内，在定义的人群中，可能的艾滋病感染者。高危人群，是同一时期内出现在某人群中的人数。例如，特定时间段内，某城市中的所有人。一个常数K，赋值为100，用来表示它是百分比。例如，一个城市中感染艾滋病毒的人口百分比：3月份，有6,000个例病例，除以该城市人口数目（一百万），再乘以常数（K，即100），得出感染率为0.6％。计算感染率，通常是用于分析趋势，以达到控制感染和疾病的目的<ref>{{cite web | title = Calculation of Infection Rates|url = http://health.utah.gov/epi/diseases/HAI/resources/Cal_Inf_Rates.pdf |publisher = Utah Department of Health|date= 2017| accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。
 An online infection rate calculator has been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that allows the determination of the Streptococcal A infection rate in a population.<ref>{{cite web | title = Group A Streptococcus Calculator | publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date= 4 July 2008 |url = https://www2a.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/calc/calc_new/calculator.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>
 （美国）疾病预防控制中心开发了一个在线的感染率计算器，可以用来确定一个人群中的链球菌A的感染率<ref>{{cite web | title = Group A Streptococcus Calculator | publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date= 4 July 2008 |url = https://www2a.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/calc/calc_new/calculator.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。

←上一版本		2022年6月12日 (日) 00:01的版本
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−	~~此词条暂由Potatozh初译，正在由水手9303整理中，带来阅读不便，请见谅。~~	+	此词条暂由Potatozh初译，正在由水手9303校核整理中，带来阅读不便，请见谅。

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 The number of infections equals the cases identified in the study or observed. An example might by HIV infection during a specific time period in the defined population. The population at risk are the cases appearing in the population during the same time period. An example would be all the people in a city during a specific time period. The constant, or K is assigned a value of 100 to represent a percentage. An example would be to who are infected with HIV: 6,000 cases in March divided by the population of a city (one million) multiplied by the constant (K) would give an infection rate of 0.6%. Calculating the infection rate is used to analyze trends for the purpose of infection and disease control.<ref>{{cite web | title = Calculation of Infection Rates|url = http://health.utah.gov/epi/diseases/HAI/resources/Cal_Inf_Rates.pdf |publisher = Utah Department of Health|date= 2017| accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>
-感染数量等于研究中确诊或观察到的病例。一个例子是，在特定时期内，在定义的人群中，可能的艾滋病感染者。高危人群，是同一时期内出现在某人群中的人数。一个示例是特定时间段内某城市中的所有人。一个常数K，赋值为100，用来表示它是百分比。例如，一个城市中感染艾滋病毒的人口百分比，3月份，有6,000个例病例，除以该城市人口数目（一百万），再乘以常数（K，即100），得出感染率为0.6％。计算感染率，通常是用于分析趋势，以达到控制感染和疾病的目的<ref>{{cite web | title = Calculation of Infection Rates|url = http://health.utah.gov/epi/diseases/HAI/resources/Cal_Inf_Rates.pdf |publisher = Utah Department of Health|date= 2017| accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。
+感染数量等于研究中确诊或观察到的病例。一个例子是，在特定时期内，在定义的人群中，可能的艾滋病感染者。高危人群，是同一时期内出现在某人群中的人数。例如，特定时间段内，某城市中的所有人。一个常数K，赋值为100，用来表示它是百分比。例如，一个城市中感染艾滋病毒的人口百分比：3月份，有6,000个例病例，除以该城市人口数目（一百万），再乘以常数（K，即100），得出感染率为0.6％。计算感染率，通常是用于分析趋势，以达到控制感染和疾病的目的<ref>{{cite web | title = Calculation of Infection Rates|url = http://health.utah.gov/epi/diseases/HAI/resources/Cal_Inf_Rates.pdf |publisher = Utah Department of Health|date= 2017| accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。
 An online infection rate calculator has been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that allows the determination of the Streptococcal A infection rate in a population.<ref>{{cite web | title = Group A Streptococcus Calculator | publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date= 4 July 2008 |url = https://www2a.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/calc/calc_new/calculator.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>
-疾病预防控制中心开发了一个在线的感染率计算器，可以用来确定一个人群中的链球菌A的感染率<ref>{{cite web | title = Group A Streptococcus Calculator | publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date= 4 July 2008 |url = https://www2a.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/calc/calc_new/calculator.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。
+（美国）疾病预防控制中心开发了一个在线的感染率计算器，可以用来确定一个人群中的链球菌A的感染率<ref>{{cite web | title = Group A Streptococcus Calculator | publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |date= 4 July 2008 |url = https://www2a.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/abcs/calc/calc_new/calculator.html | accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>。
 == 临床应用 Clinical applications ==

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-此词条暂由Potatozh初译，未经审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
+此词条暂由Potatozh初译，水手9303正在整理中，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
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 [[File:1.png|400px]]
-The number of infections equals the cases identified in the study or observed. An example might by HIV infection during a specific time period in the defined population. The population at risk are the cases appearing in the population during the same time period. An example would be all the people in a city during a specific time period. The constant, or K is assigned a value of 100 to represent a percentage. An example would be to find the percentage of people in a city who are infected with HIV: 6,000 cases in March divided by the population of a city (one million) multiplied by the constant (K) would give an infection rate of 0.6%. Calculating the infection rate is used to analyze trends for the purpose of infection and disease control.<ref>{{cite web | title = Calculation of Infection Rates|url = http://health.utah.gov/epi/diseases/HAI/resources/Cal_Inf_Rates.pdf |publisher = Utah Department of Health|date= 2017| accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>
+The number of infections equals the cases identified in the study or observed. An example might by HIV infection during a specific time period in the defined population. The population at risk are the cases appearing in the population during the same time period. An example would be all the people in a city during a specific time period. The constant, or K is assigned a value of 100 to represent a percentage. An example would be to who are infected with HIV: 6,000 cases in March divided by the population of a city (one million) multiplied by the constant (K) would give an infection rate of 0.6%. Calculating the infection rate is used to analyze trends for the purpose of infection and disease control.<ref>{{cite web | title = Calculation of Infection Rates|url = http://health.utah.gov/epi/diseases/HAI/resources/Cal_Inf_Rates.pdf |publisher = Utah Department of Health|date= 2017| accessdate = 2017-01-09  }}</ref>
 感染数量等于研究中确诊或观察到的病例。 一个例子可能是在特定时期内确诊人群中的HIV感染。处于风险中的人口数目是同一时期内人口数目。一个示例是特定时间段内城市中的所有人。常数K被赋值等于100，以表示百分比。例如，要找到一个城市中感染艾滋病毒的人口百分比：3月的时候有6,000例病例除以一个城市人口（一百万）乘以常数（K）得出的感染率为0.6％。计算感染率通常是被用于分析趋势，以达到控制感染和疾病的目的。

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 * [http://www.apic.org Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology] infection  prevention and control professionals.
 * [http://www.cbic.org The Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.]
 <small>此页参考来源：维基百科：Infection rate