生物地球化学循环 - 版本历史

2022年4月16日 (六) 14:44 薄荷

2022-04-16T14:44:23Z

显示更改

薄荷：/* 快速和慢速循环 */

2022-04-16T14:43:10Z

快速和慢速循环

薄荷：/* 快速和慢速循环 */

2022-04-16T14:42:43Z

快速和慢速循环

薄荷：/* 快速和慢速循环 */

2022-04-16T14:42:28Z

快速和慢速循环

薄荷：/* 快速和慢速循环 */

2022-04-16T14:41:54Z

快速和慢速循环

薄荷：/* 快速和慢速循环 */

2022-04-16T14:41:28Z

快速和慢速循环

薄荷：/* 快速和慢速循环 */

2022-04-16T14:40:23Z

快速和慢速循环

薄荷：/* 快速和慢速循环 */

2022-04-16T14:40:02Z

快速和慢速循环

薄荷：/* 箱模型 */

2022-04-16T14:38:58Z

箱模型

薄荷：/* 一些案例 */

2022-04-16T14:38:36Z

一些案例

@@ 第113行： / 第113行： @@
-[[File:Rock cycle nps.png|thumb|upright=2.25|center|300px|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]
+慢速循环如下图所示，它涉及到岩石循环中的中长期地球化学过程。海洋和大气之间的交换可能需要几个世纪，而岩石的风化可能需要数百万年。海洋中的碳沉积在海底，在那里形成沉积岩并潜入地幔。造山运动使得这种地质碳回到地表。在地表，岩石被风化，碳通过脱气作用返回大气，通过河流返回海洋。其它的地质碳通过含钙离子热液的排放回到海洋。在一年中，有一千万至一亿吨的碳在这个缓慢的循环中移动。这包括火山将地质碳以二氧化碳的形式直接返还大气。然而，这还不足燃烧化石燃料排放到大气中的二氧化碳的百分之一。<ref name=Libes2015 /><ref name="Bush2020">{{cite book|doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-15424-0_3|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h_60DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Climate+Change+and+Renewable+Energy%22+%22The+Carbon+Cycle%22chapter+%3D+The+Carbon+Cycle&pg=PA109|title = Climate Change and Renewable Energy|year = 2020|last1 = Bush|first1 = Martin J.|pages = 109–141|isbn = 978-3-030-15423-3|access-date = 2021-09-27|archive-date = 2021-09-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210927001642/https://books.google.com/books?id=h_60DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Climate+Change+and+Renewable+Energy%22+%22The+Carbon+Cycle%22chapter+%3D+The+Carbon+Cycle&pg=PA109|url-status = live}}</ref>
-慢速循环如右上图所示，它涉及到岩石循环中的中长期地球化学过程。海洋和大气之间的交换可能需要几个世纪，而岩石的风化可能需要数百万年。海洋中的碳沉积在海底，在那里形成沉积岩并潜入地幔。造山运动使得这种地质碳回到地表。在地表，岩石被风化，碳通过脱气作用返回大气，通过河流返回海洋。其它的地质碳通过含钙离子热液的排放回到海洋。在一年中，有一千万至一亿吨的碳在这个缓慢的循环中移动。这包括火山将地质碳以二氧化碳的形式直接返还大气。然而，这还不足燃烧化石燃料排放到大气中的二氧化碳的百分之一。<ref name=Libes2015 /><ref name="Bush2020">{{cite book|doi = 10.1007/978-3-030-15424-0_3|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h_60DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Climate+Change+and+Renewable+Energy%22+%22The+Carbon+Cycle%22chapter+%3D+The+Carbon+Cycle&pg=PA109|title = Climate Change and Renewable Energy|year = 2020|last1 = Bush|first1 = Martin J.|pages = 109–141|isbn = 978-3-030-15423-3|access-date = 2021-09-27|archive-date = 2021-09-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210927001642/https://books.google.com/books?id=h_60DwAAQBAJ&q=%22Climate+Change+and+Renewable+Energy%22+%22The+Carbon+Cycle%22chapter+%3D+The+Carbon+Cycle&pg=PA109|url-status = live}}</ref>
+[[File:Rock cycle nps.png|thumb|upright=2.25|center|300px|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]
 ==深层循环==

←上一版本		2022年4月16日 (六) 14:42的版本
第108行：		第108行：


−	快速的碳循环案例如左下图所示。这一循环包括环境和生物圈中生命体之间相对短期的地球化学过程。它包括碳在大气以及陆地和海洋生态系统、泥土和海底沉积物之间的运移。快速循环包括涉及光合作用的年周期和涉及植被生长和分解的年代周期。快速碳循环对人类活动的响应将决定气候变化许多更直接的影响。<ref name=Bush2020 /><ref>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.1073/pnas.022055499\|title = Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years\|year = 2002\|last1 = Rothman\|first1 = D. H.\|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\|volume = 99\|issue = 7\|pages = 4167–4171\|pmid = 11904360\|pmc = 123620\|bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.4167R\|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=Carpinteri2019>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.3390/sci1010017\|title = Correlation between the Fluctuations in Worldwide Seismicity and Atmospheric Carbon Pollution\|year = 2019\|last1 = Carpinteri\|first1 = Alberto\|last2 = Niccolini\|first2 = Gianni\|journal = Sci\|volume = 1\|page = 17\|doi-access = free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] .</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Rothman\|first=Daniel\|date=January 2015\|title=Earth's carbon cycle: A mathematical perspective\|url=https://www.ams.org/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society\|language=en\|volume=52\|issue=1\|pages=47–64\|doi=10.1090/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5\|issn=0273-0979\|hdl=1721.1/97900\|hdl-access=free\|access-date=2021-09-27\|archive-date=2021-11-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122221018/https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|url-status=live}}</ref>	+	快速的碳循环案例如下图所示。这一循环包括环境和生物圈中生命体之间相对短期的地球化学过程。它包括碳在大气以及陆地和海洋生态系统、泥土和海底沉积物之间的运移。快速循环包括涉及光合作用的年周期和涉及植被生长和分解的年代周期。快速碳循环对人类活动的响应将决定气候变化许多更直接的影响。<ref name=Bush2020 /><ref>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.1073/pnas.022055499\|title = Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years\|year = 2002\|last1 = Rothman\|first1 = D. H.\|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\|volume = 99\|issue = 7\|pages = 4167–4171\|pmid = 11904360\|pmc = 123620\|bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.4167R\|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=Carpinteri2019>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.3390/sci1010017\|title = Correlation between the Fluctuations in Worldwide Seismicity and Atmospheric Carbon Pollution\|year = 2019\|last1 = Carpinteri\|first1 = Alberto\|last2 = Niccolini\|first2 = Gianni\|journal = Sci\|volume = 1\|page = 17\|doi-access = free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] .</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Rothman\|first=Daniel\|date=January 2015\|title=Earth's carbon cycle: A mathematical perspective\|url=https://www.ams.org/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society\|language=en\|volume=52\|issue=1\|pages=47–64\|doi=10.1090/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5\|issn=0273-0979\|hdl=1721.1/97900\|hdl-access=free\|access-date=2021-09-27\|archive-date=2021-11-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122221018/https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	[[File:Carbon cycle.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.8\|center\| 快速循环贯穿生物圈，包括陆地、大气和海洋之间的交换。黄色数字表示每年的自然碳通量，以十亿吨（gigatons）为单位。红色数字表示人类的贡献，白色数字表示被储存的碳。<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web\|last1=Riebeek\|first1=Holli\|title=The Carbon Cycle\|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|website=Earth Observatory\|publisher=NASA\|access-date=5 April 2018\|date=16 June 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|archive-date=5 March 2016\|url-status=live\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]		[[File:Carbon cycle.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.8\|center\| 快速循环贯穿生物圈，包括陆地、大气和海洋之间的交换。黄色数字表示每年的自然碳通量，以十亿吨（gigatons）为单位。红色数字表示人类的贡献，白色数字表示被储存的碳。<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web\|last1=Riebeek\|first1=Holli\|title=The Carbon Cycle\|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|website=Earth Observatory\|publisher=NASA\|access-date=5 April 2018\|date=16 June 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|archive-date=5 March 2016\|url-status=live\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]

←上一版本		2022年4月16日 (六) 14:42的版本
第110行：		第110行：
	快速的碳循环案例如左下图所示。这一循环包括环境和生物圈中生命体之间相对短期的地球化学过程。它包括碳在大气以及陆地和海洋生态系统、泥土和海底沉积物之间的运移。快速循环包括涉及光合作用的年周期和涉及植被生长和分解的年代周期。快速碳循环对人类活动的响应将决定气候变化许多更直接的影响。<ref name=Bush2020 /><ref>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.1073/pnas.022055499\|title = Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years\|year = 2002\|last1 = Rothman\|first1 = D. H.\|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\|volume = 99\|issue = 7\|pages = 4167–4171\|pmid = 11904360\|pmc = 123620\|bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.4167R\|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=Carpinteri2019>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.3390/sci1010017\|title = Correlation between the Fluctuations in Worldwide Seismicity and Atmospheric Carbon Pollution\|year = 2019\|last1 = Carpinteri\|first1 = Alberto\|last2 = Niccolini\|first2 = Gianni\|journal = Sci\|volume = 1\|page = 17\|doi-access = free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] .</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Rothman\|first=Daniel\|date=January 2015\|title=Earth's carbon cycle: A mathematical perspective\|url=https://www.ams.org/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society\|language=en\|volume=52\|issue=1\|pages=47–64\|doi=10.1090/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5\|issn=0273-0979\|hdl=1721.1/97900\|hdl-access=free\|access-date=2021-09-27\|archive-date=2021-11-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122221018/https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|url-status=live}}</ref>		快速的碳循环案例如左下图所示。这一循环包括环境和生物圈中生命体之间相对短期的地球化学过程。它包括碳在大气以及陆地和海洋生态系统、泥土和海底沉积物之间的运移。快速循环包括涉及光合作用的年周期和涉及植被生长和分解的年代周期。快速碳循环对人类活动的响应将决定气候变化许多更直接的影响。<ref name=Bush2020 /><ref>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.1073/pnas.022055499\|title = Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 500 million years\|year = 2002\|last1 = Rothman\|first1 = D. H.\|journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\|volume = 99\|issue = 7\|pages = 4167–4171\|pmid = 11904360\|pmc = 123620\|bibcode = 2002PNAS...99.4167R\|doi-access = free}}</ref><ref name=Carpinteri2019>{{cite journal \|doi = 10.3390/sci1010017\|title = Correlation between the Fluctuations in Worldwide Seismicity and Atmospheric Carbon Pollution\|year = 2019\|last1 = Carpinteri\|first1 = Alberto\|last2 = Niccolini\|first2 = Gianni\|journal = Sci\|volume = 1\|page = 17\|doi-access = free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg\|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License] .</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Rothman\|first=Daniel\|date=January 2015\|title=Earth's carbon cycle: A mathematical perspective\|url=https://www.ams.org/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society\|language=en\|volume=52\|issue=1\|pages=47–64\|doi=10.1090/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5\|issn=0273-0979\|hdl=1721.1/97900\|hdl-access=free\|access-date=2021-09-27\|archive-date=2021-11-22\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122221018/https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/2015-52-01/S0273-0979-2014-01471-5/\|url-status=live}}</ref>

−	[[File:Carbon cycle.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.8\|~~left~~\| 快速循环贯穿生物圈，包括陆地、大气和海洋之间的交换。黄色数字表示每年的自然碳通量，以十亿吨（gigatons）为单位。红色数字表示人类的贡献，白色数字表示被储存的碳。<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web\|last1=Riebeek\|first1=Holli\|title=The Carbon Cycle\|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|website=Earth Observatory\|publisher=NASA\|access-date=5 April 2018\|date=16 June 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|archive-date=5 March 2016\|url-status=live\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]	+	[[File:Carbon cycle.jpg\|thumb\|upright=1.8\|center\| 快速循环贯穿生物圈，包括陆地、大气和海洋之间的交换。黄色数字表示每年的自然碳通量，以十亿吨（gigatons）为单位。红色数字表示人类的贡献，白色数字表示被储存的碳。<ref name="nasacc">{{cite web\|last1=Riebeek\|first1=Holli\|title=The Carbon Cycle\|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|website=Earth Observatory\|publisher=NASA\|access-date=5 April 2018\|date=16 June 2011\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010126/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/?src=eoa-features\|archive-date=5 March 2016\|url-status=live\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]

←上一版本		2022年4月16日 (六) 14:41的版本
第113行：		第113行：


−	[[File:Rock cycle nps.png\|thumb\|upright=2.25\|~~right~~\|300px\|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]	+	[[File:Rock cycle nps.png\|thumb\|upright=2.25\|center\|300px\|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]

←上一版本		2022年4月16日 (六) 14:41的版本
第113行：		第113行：


−	[[File:Rock cycle nps.png\|thumb\|upright=2.25\|right\|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]	+	[[File:Rock cycle nps.png\|thumb\|upright=2.25\|right\|300px\|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]

←上一版本		2022年4月16日 (六) 14:40的版本
第113行：		第113行：


−	[[File:Rock cycle nps.~~PNG~~\|thumb\|upright=2.25\|right\|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]	+	[[File:Rock cycle nps.png\|thumb\|upright=2.25\|right\|慢循环作用于岩石，包括火山和构造活动]]

@@ 第71行： / 第71行： @@
 <center>
-<gallery mode="packed" style="height:300px">
+<gallery mode=packed style=float:center; heights=300px>
 File:Simplified budget of carbon flows in the ocean.png|thumb|简单三箱模型 <small>海洋碳流的简化预算<ref name=Middelburg2019>Middelburg, J.J.(2019) ''Marine carbon biogeochemistry: a primer for earth system scientists'', page 5, Springer Nature. [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref></small>

@@ 第141行： / 第141行： @@
 * 汞循环,<ref>{{cite web|title=Mercury Cycling in the Environment|url=http://wi.water.usgs.gov/mercury/mercury-cycling.html|website=Wisconsin Water Science Center|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=10 January 2013|access-date=20 November 2017|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411155926/https://wi.water.usgs.gov/mercury/mercury-cycling.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 * 多氯联苯的人为循环<ref>{{cite book |title=Organic contaminants that leave traces : sources, transport and fate |publisher=Ifremer |isbn=9782759200139 |pages=22–23}}</ref>
-<gallery mode=packed style=float:left; heights=155px>
 File:Plagiomnium affine laminazellen.jpeg|叶绿体在植物细胞和其他真核生物体中进行[[光合作用]]。
 File:Organic carbon cycle including the flow of kerogen.png|油母质循环<ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1038/nature14400|title = Global carbon export from the terrestrial biosphere controlled by erosion|year = 2015|last1 = Galy|first1 = Valier|last2 = Peucker-Ehrenbrink|first2 = Bernhard|last3 = Eglinton|first3 = Timothy|journal = Nature|volume = 521|issue = 7551|pages = 204–207|pmid = 25971513|bibcode = 2015Natur.521..204G}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi = 10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00056-9|title = Comparative organic geochemistries of soils and marine sediments|year = 1997|last1 = Hedges|first1 = J.I|last2 = Oades|first2 = J.M|journal = Organic Geochemistry|volume = 27|issue = 7–8|pages = 319–361}}</ref>