社会动力学 - 版本历史

2020年11月30日 (一) 13:24 思无涯咿呀咿呀

2020-11-30T13:24:23Z

2020年11月30日 (一) 13:19 思无涯咿呀咿呀

2020-11-30T13:19:39Z

2020年11月30日 (一) 13:16 思无涯咿呀咿呀

2020-11-30T13:16:02Z

思无涯咿呀咿呀：/* 外部链接 */

2020-11-30T13:12:21Z

外部链接

思无涯咿呀咿呀：/* 进一步阅读 */

2020-11-30T13:02:47Z

进一步阅读

思无涯咿呀咿呀：/* References */

2020-11-30T12:56:08Z

References

思无涯咿呀咿呀：/* 参考文献 */

2020-11-30T12:53:35Z

参考文献

思无涯咿呀咿呀：/* 参考文献 */

2020-11-30T12:52:35Z

参考文献

2020年11月30日 (一) 12:51 思无涯咿呀咿呀

2020-11-30T12:51:47Z

显示更改

2020年11月30日 (一) 12:50 思无涯咿呀咿呀

2020-11-30T12:50:06Z

←上一版本	2020年11月30日 (一) 13:24的版本
第83行：	第83行：


	+	[[File:社会系统动力学.jpg\|300px\|缩略图\|右\|《社会系统动力学》封面]]
	+	*[https://book.douban.com/subject/3522372/ 社会系统动力学:政策研究的原理、方法和应用]
	+	::《社会系统动力学:政策研究的原理、方法和应用》共分三个层次：社会系统动力学的基本原理，社会经济系统的基本运行规律与政策设计，社会系统动力学的应用。第一层次介绍了社会系统动力学的建模原理和方法。包括原理、因果关系图、流图、方程和模型测试。这部分是社会系统动力学的基础。第二层次探讨了社会经济系统的基本运行规律和政策研究原理和方法。包括对社会经济系统运行规律的数学分析，归纳影响系统行为特性的基本参数，提出基于社会系统动力学的政策研究思路和方法。这部分是对社会系统动力学基本原理和方法的进一步扩展。第三层次将前面提出的政策研究原理和方法应用到工商管理、公共管理和系统思考中。包括经营策略、库存策略、人口政策、节能降耗政策以及供应链中牛鞭效应的系统思考等。这部分对经典问题从社会系统动力学的视角研究，展示了研究过程的系统性和研究结论的深邃思考性。


	+	*[https://campus.swarma.org/course/624 系统动力学]
	+	::系统动力学运用“凡系统必有结构，系统结构决定系统功能”的系统科学思想，从系统的内部结构去解释系统主体的行为性质。英国的经济学家和社会学家马尔萨斯认为人口的增长会呈现指数分布的特点，曾主张通过战争来抑制人口的过快增长，但是在如今和平发展的大环境下并未出现人口过度增长的情况，这背后的原理是怎样的哪？本课程将以种群动力学为核心，融合了数学理论和计算机仿真技术来直观表现种群发展状况，探索其动力学原理，并讨论了一些有趣的现象，比如费根鲍姆常数、混沌系统、蝴蝶效应等。
	+
	+	* 1998年，一篇名为[https://swarma.org/?p=18837 “小世界网络的集体动力学”]（Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks）的文章发表于 Nature，首次提出“小世界网络”的数学模型，并引起了来自社会科学、信息科学和自然科学等领域对这一模型的关注和应用。目前，该论文已经有超过 42000 次的引用量。集智俱乐部对此做了解读：[https://swarma.org/?p=18837 “引用量超过4万的经典论文：小世界网络的集体动力学”]。

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
-本词条由11初步翻译
+{{#seo:
+|keywords=社会网络,动力学，社会网络动力学
+|description=社会网络,动力学，社会网络动力学
 '''<font color="#ff8000"> 社会动力学social dynamics </font>'''是研究群体行为的科学，它是由群体成员个体的相互作用而产生的，即主要是研究个体相互作用和群体层面行为的关系。<ref name=durlauf>{{cite book|last=Durlauf|first=Steven|last2=Young|first2=Peyton|title=Social Dynamics|year=2001|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=0-262-04186-3}}</ref>

@@ 第79行： / 第79行： @@
 *[[邓肯·瓦茨]]关于[[小世界网络]]集体动力学的研究 Watts, D.J.; Strogatz, S.H. (1998). "Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks". Nature. 393 (6684): 440–442. Bibcode:1998Natur.393..440W. doi:10.1038/30918. PMID 9623998. S2CID 4429113.
-==外部链接==
+==编者推荐==
-[[Category:待整理页面]]

@@ 第73行： / 第73行： @@
 * [http://www.cscs.umich.edu/ 复杂系统研究中心, 密歇根大学]—研究方向集中在复杂性和社会动力学的中心
 * [http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/lamberson/teaching/socialdynamics/ 凯洛格商学院的社会动力学课程]
-* [http://social-dynamics.org/  社会动力学网站]—Blog on Social Dynamics from Kellogg School of Management Social Dynamics Scholar
+* [http://social-dynamics.org/  社会动力学网站]—UCLA传播学院的助理教授关于社会动力学的博客
-* https://archive.is/20020305021324/http://139.142.203.66/pub/www/Journal/vol3/iss2/art4/
+* [https://archive.is/20020305021324/http://139.142.203.66/pub/www/Journal/vol3/iss2/art4/ 这是一篇介绍生态学中社会动力学的文章，主要是介绍生态管理中简单模型的生态学和社会动力学]
-* http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628232019/http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~read/connectionism_preface2.html
+* [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628232019/http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~read/connectionism_preface2.html 社会推理和社会行为的连接主义模型]
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110217151303/http://www.oeaw.ac.at/byzanz/historicaldynamics.htm "Historical Dynamics in a Time of Crisis: Late Byzantium, 1204–1453" (discussion of social dynamics from the point of view of historical studies)]
 ==外部链接==

@@ 第67行： / 第67行： @@
 *Weidlich, W. (1997) "Sociodynamics applied to the evolution of urban and regional structures". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, Vol. 1, pp. 85–98.
-==进一步阅读==
+== 外部链接 ==
+[https://www.academia.edu/35443515/Introduction_to_Social_Macrodynamics_Compact_Macromodels_of_the_World_System_Growth._Moscow_KomKniga_2006 社会宏观动力学导论Introduction to Social Macrodynamics]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090316225023/http://www.clubofrome.org/docs/limits.rtf  Club of Rome的报道和引用]: "We must also keep in mind the presence of social delays--the delays necessary to allow society to absorb or to prepare for a change. Most delays, physical or social reduce the stability of the world system and increase the likelihood of the overshoot mode"
+* [http://www.northwestern.edu/nico/ 西北复杂系统研究机构 NICO]—研究方向集中在复杂性和社会动力学的机构
+* [http://www.cscs.umich.edu/ 复杂系统研究中心, 密歇根大学]—研究方向集中在复杂性和社会动力学的中心
+* [http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/lamberson/teaching/socialdynamics/ 凯洛格商学院的社会动力学课程]
 ==外部链接==

@@ 第65行： / 第65行： @@
 *Easley, David; Klienberg, Jon (2010). Networks, Crowds, and Markets. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19533-1.
 *Jackson, Matthew O. (2008). Social and Economic Networks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13440-6.
 == References ==

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
 本词条由11初步翻译
-{{sociology}}
+'''<font color="#ff8000"> 社会动力学social dynamics </font>'''是研究群体行为的科学，它是由群体成员个体的相互作用而产生的，即主要是研究个体相互作用和群体层面行为的关系。<ref name=durlauf>{{cite book|last=Durlauf|first=Steven|last2=Young|first2=Peyton|title=Social Dynamics|year=2001|publisher=MIT Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=0-262-04186-3}}</ref>
-Social dynamics (or sociodynamics) is the study of the behavior of groups that results from the interactions of individual group members as well to the study of the relationship between individual interactions and group level behaviors.
+==概述==
-The field of social dynamics brings together ideas from [[economics]], [[sociology]], [[social psychology]], and other disciplines, and is a sub-field of [[complex adaptive system]]s or [[complexity science]]. The fundamental assumption of the field is that individuals are influenced by one another's behavior.  The field is closely related to [[system dynamics]].  Like system dynamics, social dynamics is concerned with changes over time and emphasizes the role of feedbacks.  However, in social dynamics individual choices and interactions are typically viewed as the source of aggregate level behavior, while system dynamics posits that the structure of feedbacks and accumulations are responsible for system level dynamics.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sterman|first=John|title=Business Dynamics|year=2000|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=0-07-231135-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/businessdynamics0000ster}}</ref>  Research in the field typically takes a behavioral approach, assuming that individuals are [[Bounded rationality|boundedly rational]] and act on local information.  Mathematical and computational modeling are important tools for studying social dynamics. This field grew out of work done in the 1940s by [[Game Theory|game theorists]] such as Duncan & Luce, and even earlier works by mathematician [[Armand Borel]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Luce|first=Duncan|title=Games and Decisions|url=https://archive.org/details/gamesdecisions00rdun|url-access=registration|year=1957|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|isbn= 0486659437}}</ref> Because social dynamics focuses on individual level behavior, and recognizes the importance of heterogeneity across individuals, strict analytic results are often impossible.  Instead, approximation techniques, such as [[Mean field theory|mean field approximations]] from [[statistical physics]], or [[computer simulation]]s are used to understand the behaviors of the system.  In contrast to more traditional approaches in economics, scholars of social dynamics are often interested in non-equilibrium, or dynamic, behavior.<ref name=durlauf /><ref>{{cite web|title=Brookings Institution, Center for Social Dynamics and Policy|url=http://www.brookings.edu/about/centers/dynamics|accessdate=29 Sep 2012}}</ref>   That is, behavior that changes over time.
+社会动力学领域汇集了经济学、社会学、社会心理学等学科的思想，是[[复杂适应系统]]或[[复杂性科学]]的一个子领域。该领域的基本假设是，个体受彼此行为的影响。该领域与[[系统动力学]]密切相关。与系统动力学一样，社会动力学关注随着时间的推移而发生的变化，并强调[[反馈]]的作用。然而，在社会动力学中，个体的选择和相互作用通常被视为总体行为的来源，而系统动力学则假定基于结构的反馈和累积是系统层面出现动力学的原因。<ref>{{cite book|last=Sterman|first=John|title=Business Dynamics|year=2000|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=0-07-231135-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/businessdynamics0000ster}}</ref>
-The field of social dynamics brings together ideas from economics, sociology, social psychology, and other disciplines, and is a sub-field of complex adaptive systems or complexity science. The fundamental assumption of the field is that individuals are influenced by one another's behavior.  The field is closely related to system dynamics.  Like system dynamics, social dynamics is concerned with changes over time and emphasizes the role of feedbacks.  However, in social dynamics individual choices and interactions are typically viewed as the source of aggregate level behavior, while system dynamics posits that the structure of feedbacks and accumulations are responsible for system level dynamics.  Research in the field typically takes a behavioral approach, assuming that individuals are boundedly rational and act on local information.  Mathematical and computational modeling are important tools for studying social dynamics. This field grew out of work done in the 1940s by game theorists such as Duncan & Luce, and even earlier works by mathematician Armand Borel. Because social dynamics focuses on individual level behavior, and recognizes the importance of heterogeneity across individuals, strict analytic results are often impossible.  Instead, approximation techniques, such as mean field approximations from statistical physics, or computer simulations are used to understand the behaviors of the system.  In contrast to more traditional approaches in economics, scholars of social dynamics are often interested in non-equilibrium, or dynamic, behavior.   That is, behavior that changes over time.
+该领域的研究通常采取行为学方法，假设个体是有限理性的，并根据局部信息采取行动。数学和计算建模是研究社会动力学的重要工具。这个领域是在20世纪40年代Duncan和Luce等[[博弈论]]专家的工作，以及更早之前的数学家Armand Borel的著作中发展起来的<ref>{{cite book|last=Luce|first=Duncan|title=Games and Decisions|url=https://archive.org/details/gamesdecisions00rdun|url-access=registration|year=1957|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|isbn= 0486659437}}</ref> 。由于社会动力学关注于个体层面的行为，并认识到个体之间异质性的重要性，严格的分析结果通常是不可能的。取而代之的是近似技术，如[[统计物理]]学中的'''<font color="#ff8000"> 平均场近似mean field approximations </font>'''，或计算机模拟来理解系统的行为。与经济学中更为传统的方法相比，研究社会动力学的学者往往对非平衡或动力学，行为等感兴趣。<ref name=durlauf /><ref>{{cite web|title=Brookings Institution, Center for Social Dynamics and Policy|url=http://www.brookings.edu/about/centers/dynamics|accessdate=29 Sep 2012}}</ref>也就是说，行为会随着时间的推移而改变。
 * [[社会网络]] Social networks