适应行为 - 版本历史

13944556914：13944556914移动页面适应行为 Adaptive behavior至适应行为覆盖重定向

2024-06-05T08:59:13Z

13944556914移动页面适应行为 Adaptive behavior至适应行为覆盖重定向

2024年6月5日 (三) 08:58 13944556914

2024-06-05T08:58:49Z

是趣木木呀：/* 具体技能 Specific skills */

2022-01-05T02:22:25Z

具体技能 Specific skills

薄荷：/* 其他链接 */

2020-12-27T16:18:01Z

其他链接

薄荷：薄荷移动页面适应行为至适应行为 Adaptive behavior

2020-11-29T15:55:12Z

薄荷移动页面适应行为至适应行为 Adaptive behavior

薄荷：/* 适应技能 Adaptive skills */

2020-11-29T15:54:48Z

适应技能 Adaptive skills

薄荷：/* 具体技能 Specific skills */

2020-11-29T15:53:58Z

具体技能 Specific skills

薄荷：/* 具体技能 Specific skills */

2020-11-29T15:53:20Z

具体技能 Specific skills

薄荷：/* 具体技能 Specific skills */

2020-11-29T15:53:02Z

具体技能 Specific skills

薄荷：/* 特殊技能 Specific skills */

2020-11-29T15:52:33Z

特殊技能 Specific skills

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 |description=是指使一个人（通常是指孩童）能够在环境中获得最大的成功并且尽量不与他人产生冲突的行为。
 }}
-'''适应行为 Adaptive behavior'''是指使一个人（通常是指孩童）能够在环境中获得最大的成功并且尽量不与他人产生冲突的行为。这是一个用于心理学和特殊教育领域的术语。适应行为与“一般”人能够完成的日常技能或任务有关，类似于“生活技能”这个术语。
+'''适应行为 （Adaptive behavior）'''是指使一个人（通常是指孩童）能够在环境中获得最大的成功并且尽量不与他人产生冲突的行为。这是一个用于心理学和特殊教育领域的术语。适应行为与“一般”人能够完成的日常技能或任务有关，类似于“生活技能”这个术语。

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-* '''<font color="#32CD32">社区使用技能 Community access skills</font>'''
+* '''社区使用技能 Community access skills'''
 # 乘坐公共汽车 Bus riding<ref>Neef, A.N.; Iwata, B.A.; Page T.J. et al. (1978). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311310/pdf/jaba00110-0019.pdf Public Transportation Skills. In vivo versus classroom instruction]. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 11, 331–4.</ref>
 # 独立行走 Independent walking<ref>Gruber, B.; Reeser R.; Reid, D.H. (1979). Providing a less restrictive environment to retarded persons by teaching independent walking skills. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 12, 285–97.</ref>
@@ 第60行： / 第60行： @@
-* '''<font color="#32CD32">朋辈交流和友谊维持 Peer access and retention</font>'''
+* '''朋辈交流和友谊维持 Peer access and retention'''
 # 服装选择技巧 Clothing selection skills<ref>Nutter D. & Reid D.H. (1978). Teaching retarded women a clothing selection skill using community norms. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 11, 475–87.</ref>
 # 适当的进餐时间行为 Appropriate mealtime behaviors <ref>McGrath, A.; Bosch, S.; Sullivan, C.; Fuqua, R.W. (2003). Teaching reciprocal social interactions between preschoolers and a child diagnosed with autism. ''Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions'', 5, 47–54.</ref><ref>O'Brien, F.; Bugle, C. & Azrin N.H. (1972). Training and maintaining a retarded child's proper eating. ''JABA'', 5, 67–72.</ref><ref>Wilson, P.G.; Reid, D.H.; Phillips, J.F. & Burgio, L.D. (1984). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307933/pdf/jaba00032-0065.pdf Normalization of institutional mealtimes for profoundly retarded persons]. Effects and non-effects of teaching family-style dining. ''JABA'', 17, 189–201.</ref>

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-[[Category:行为]]
+==编者推荐==
-[[Category:发展心理学]]
+====[https://campus.swarma.org/course/1004 演化与适应：从存在到演化]====
-[[Category:行为概念]]
+本课程中，我们将介绍关于系统的动力学与复杂系统的演化。
-[[Category:进化心理学]]
-[[Category:教育哲学]]
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 '''本词条内容源自wikipedia及公开资料，遵守 CC3.0协议。'''

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 ==适应技能 Adaptive skills==
 每个人都必须学习一套对他们所生活的环境和社区有益的技能。适应技能是得到认同和受益于当地或偏远社区的垫脚石。这意味着，在城市环境中，要想去看电影，孩子们必须学会在城市中导航或者乘坐公交车、阅读电影时间表、并且为电影付费。适应技能使学习者能够进行更安全的探索，因为它们使学习者更加了解他/她的环境及其变化，这需要新的适应性反应来满足新环境的要求、应对危险。适应技能可以创造更多的机会去参与有意义的社会互动和认同。适应技能在任何年龄都是被社会接受和需要的，与性别无关（除了性别特有的生理差异，如月经护理技能等）。
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 ===学习适应技能 Learning adaptive skills===
 适应技能涉及一系列的日常情况，并且通常从任务分析开始。任务分析揭示了在自然环境中执行任务所需的所有步骤。在行为分析师和监督行为技术员的指导下，儿童，青少年和成年人的行为分析程序的使用情况已经被记录在案。任务分析的应用范围很广，而且随着[[应用行为分析 Professional practice of behavior analysis]]研究的不断深入，其应用范围仍在不断扩大。
+<br>
 ==拓扑理论 Practopoietic theory ==

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 * '''<font color="#32CD32">朋辈交流和友谊维持 Peer access and retention</font>'''
 # 服装选择技巧 Clothing selection skills<ref>Nutter D. & Reid D.H. (1978). Teaching retarded women a clothing selection skill using community norms. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 11, 475–87.</ref>
-# 适当的进餐时间行为 Appropriate mealtime behaviors <ref>McGrath, A.; Bosch, S.; Sullivan, C.; Fuqua, R.W. (2003). Teaching reciprocal social interactions between preschoolers and a child diagnosed with autism. ''Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions'', 5, 47–54.</ref><ref>O'Brien, F.; Bugle, C. & Azrin N.H. (1972). Training and maintaining a retarded child's proper eating. ''JABA'', 5, 67–72.</ref>等，2004; 欧比伦等，1972; 威尔森<ref>Wilson, P.G.; Reid, D.H.; Phillips, J.F. & Burgio, L.D. (1984). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307933/pdf/jaba00032-0065.pdf Normalization of institutional mealtimes for profoundly retarded persons]. Effects and non-effects of teaching family-style dining. ''JABA'', 17, 189–201.</ref>等，1984)
+# 适当的进餐时间行为 Appropriate mealtime behaviors <ref>McGrath, A.; Bosch, S.; Sullivan, C.; Fuqua, R.W. (2003). Teaching reciprocal social interactions between preschoolers and a child diagnosed with autism. ''Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions'', 5, 47–54.</ref><ref>O'Brien, F.; Bugle, C. & Azrin N.H. (1972). Training and maintaining a retarded child's proper eating. ''JABA'', 5, 67–72.</ref><ref>Wilson, P.G.; Reid, D.H.; Phillips, J.F. & Burgio, L.D. (1984). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1307933/pdf/jaba00032-0065.pdf Normalization of institutional mealtimes for profoundly retarded persons]. Effects and non-effects of teaching family-style dining. ''JABA'', 17, 189–201.</ref>
 # 玩具使用技巧 Toy play skills<ref>Haring, T.G. (1985). Teaching between class generalization of toy play behavior to handicapped children. ''JABA'', 18, 127–39.</ref>和娱乐活动 playful activities<ref>Lifter, K.; Sulzer-Azaroff, B.; Anderson, S.R. & Cowdery, G.E. (1993) Teaching Play Activities to Preschool Children with Disabilities: The Importance of Developmental Considerations. ''Journal of Early Intervention'', 17, 139–59.</ref>
 # 口腔卫生和刷牙 Oral hygiene and teeth brushing<ref>Singh, N.N.; Manning, P.J. & Angell M.J. (1982). Effects of an oral hyegene punishment procedure on chronic rumination and collateral behaviors in monozygous twins. ''JABA'', 15, 309–14.</ref><ref>Horner, R.D. & Keilitz, I. (1975). Training mentally retarded adolescents to brush their teeth. ''JABA'', 8, 301–9.</ref>
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 # 日间磨牙 Diurnal bruxism<ref>Blount, R.L.; Drabman, R.S.; Wilson, N.; Stewart D. (1982). Reducing severe diurnal bruxism ib tw profoundly retarded females. ''JABA'', 15, 565–71.</ref>
-# 控制反刍和呕吐 Controlling rumination and vomiting <ref>Kholenberg (1970). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311127/pdf/jaba00078-0013.pdf Punishment of persitent vomiting: A case study]. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 3, 241–5.</ref><ref>Rast, J.; Johnston, J.M.; Drum, C. & Corin, J. (1981). The relation of food quantity to rumination behavior. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 14, 121–30.</ref>等，1981）
+# 控制反刍和呕吐 Controlling rumination and vomiting <ref>Kholenberg (1970). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311127/pdf/jaba00078-0013.pdf Punishment of persitent vomiting: A case study]. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 3, 241–5.</ref><ref>Rast, J.; Johnston, J.M.; Drum, C. & Corin, J. (1981). The relation of food quantity to rumination behavior. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 14, 121–30.</ref>
 # 异食癖 Pica

←上一版本	2024年6月5日 (三) 08:59的版本
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-* '''Barriers to access to peers and communities'''
+* '''与同龄人和社会交流的障碍 Barriers to access to peers and communities'''
-与同龄人和社会交流的障碍
 # 日间磨牙 Diurnal bruxism<ref>Blount, R.L.; Drabman, R.S.; Wilson, N.; Stewart D. (1982). Reducing severe diurnal bruxism ib tw profoundly retarded females. ''JABA'', 15, 565–71.</ref>
 # 控制反刍和呕吐 Controlling rumination and vomiting <ref>Kholenberg (1970). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311127/pdf/jaba00078-0013.pdf Punishment of persitent vomiting: A case study]. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 3, 241–5.</ref><ref>Rast, J.; Johnston, J.M.; Drum, C. & Corin, J. (1981). The relation of food quantity to rumination behavior. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 14, 121–30.</ref>等，1981）

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 适应行为包括日常活动中对社会负责且独立的表现。然而，具体所需要的活动和技能可能会根据不同背景有所改变。当学生上学时，学校和学术技能是相适应的。然而，这些技能中的一部分在工作环境中可能是无用的或适应不良的，所以学校和工作之间的过渡需要仔细审视。
-==特殊技能 Specific skills==
+==具体技能 Specific skills==
 适应行为是指人们在日常生活中独立生活、安全适当地发挥作用所必需的与年龄相适应的行为。适应行为包括生活技能，如梳洗、穿衣、安全、食物处理、工作、理财、清洁、交友、社交技能，以及根据他们的年龄和社会角色<ref name="Heward">William Heward: ''Exceptional Children'' 2005</ref>应承担的个人责任。具体技能包括：
-* '''Community access skills'''<font color="#32CD32">社区使用技能</font>
+* '''<font color="#32CD32">社区使用技能 Community access skills</font>'''
-# Bus riding (Neef et al. 1978)
+# 乘坐公共汽车 Bus riding<ref>Neef, A.N.; Iwata, B.A.; Page T.J. et al. (1978). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311310/pdf/jaba00110-0019.pdf Public Transportation Skills. In vivo versus classroom instruction]. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 11, 331–4.</ref>
-公共汽车乘坐(尼夫等，1978)<ref>Neef, A.N.; Iwata, B.A.; Page T.J. et al. (1978). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311310/pdf/jaba00110-0019.pdf Public Transportation Skills. In vivo versus classroom instruction]. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 11, 331–4.</ref>
+# 独立行走 Independent walking<ref>Gruber, B.; Reeser R.; Reid, D.H. (1979). Providing a less restrictive environment to retarded persons by teaching independent walking skills. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 12, 285–97.</ref>
-# Coin summation (Lowe and Cuvo, 1976; Miller et al. 1977)
+* '''<font color="#32CD32">朋辈交流和友谊维持 Peer access and retention</font>'''
-加总钱币(劳和科沃，1976年; 米勒等，1977)<ref>Lowe, M.L. & Cuvo, A.J. (1976). Teaching coin summation to the mentally retarded. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 9, 483–9.</ref>
+# 服装选择技巧 Clothing selection skills<ref>Nutter D. & Reid D.H. (1978). Teaching retarded women a clothing selection skill using community norms. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 11, 475–87.</ref>
-# 在餐厅点餐 (Haring 1987)
+# 口腔卫生和刷牙 Oral hygiene and teeth brushing<ref>Singh, N.N.; Manning, P.J. & Angell M.J. (1982). Effects of an oral hyegene punishment procedure on chronic rumination and collateral behaviors in monozygous twins. ''JABA'', 15, 309–14.</ref><ref>Horner, R.D. & Keilitz, I. (1975). Training mentally retarded adolescents to brush their teeth. ''JABA'', 8, 301–9.</ref>
-# 自动售货机的使用 Vending machine use (Sprague and Horner, 1984)
+# 踢足球 Soccer play
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 * '''Barriers to access to peers and communities'''
 与同龄人和社会交流的障碍
+# 日间磨牙 Diurnal bruxism<ref>Blount, R.L.; Drabman, R.S.; Wilson, N.; Stewart D. (1982). Reducing severe diurnal bruxism ib tw profoundly retarded females. ''JABA'', 15, 565–71.</ref>
-# Diurnal [[bruxism]] (Blount et al. 1982)
+# 控制反刍和呕吐 Controlling rumination and vomiting <ref>Kholenberg (1970). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1311127/pdf/jaba00078-0013.pdf Punishment of persitent vomiting: A case study]. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 3, 241–5.</ref><ref>Rast, J.; Johnston, J.M.; Drum, C. & Corin, J. (1981). The relation of food quantity to rumination behavior. ''Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis'', 14, 121–30.</ref>等，1981）
-日间磨牙（布朗特等，1982）<ref>Blount, R.L.; Drabman, R.S.; Wilson, N.; Stewart D. (1982). Reducing severe diurnal bruxism ib tw profoundly retarded females. ''JABA'', 15, 565–71.</ref>
+# 异食癖 Pica
 ==适应技能 Adaptive skills==