Mathematical models of complex systems are of three types: black-box (phenomenological), white-box (mechanistic, based on the first principles) and grey-box (mixtures of phenomenological and mechanistic models).<ref name="Kalmykov Lev V., Kalmykov Vyacheslav L. Solution"> | Mathematical models of complex systems are of three types: black-box (phenomenological), white-box (mechanistic, based on the first principles) and grey-box (mixtures of phenomenological and mechanistic models).<ref name="Kalmykov Lev V., Kalmykov Vyacheslav L. Solution"> |