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邓巴在《修辞，蜚语及语言进化》一书中进一步提出，语言可能作为社交修饰的“廉价”手段而出现，从而使早期人类能够有效地保持社交凝聚力。邓巴推测，如果没有语言，人类将不得不花费近一半的时间进行社交整饰，这将使富有成效的合作努力几乎成为不可能。语言可以使社会保持凝聚力，同时减少对身体和社会亲密感的需求。社会大脑假说的数学表述证实了这一结果，该理论表明，如果没有语言所允许的那种复杂交流，仅增加大脑的尺寸不可能导致庞大的群体的形成。
邓巴在《修辞，蜚语及语言进化》一书中进一步提出，语言可能作为社交修饰的“廉价”手段而出现，从而使早期人类能够有效地保持社交凝聚力。邓巴推测，如果没有语言，人类将不得不花费近一半的时间进行社交整饰，这将使富有成效的合作努力几乎成为不可能。语言可以使社会保持凝聚力，同时减少对身体和社会亲密感的需求。社会大脑假说的数学表述证实了这一结果，该理论表明，如果没有语言所允许的那种复杂交流，仅增加大脑的尺寸不可能导致庞大的群体的形成。
==Applications==
== Applications 应用 ==
Dunbar's number has become of interest in anthropology, [[evolutionary psychology]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/clas/events/gap_conference/VirtualResistanceInternetMediatedNetworks-Themudo.pdf |title=Virtual Resistance: Internet-mediated Networks (Dotcauses) and Collective Action Against Neoliberalism |format=pg. 36 |author=Nuno Themudo |date=23 March 2007 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh, University Center for International Studies |accessdate=2007-12-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090709211613/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/clas/events/gap_conference/VirtualResistanceInternetMediatedNetworks-Themudo.pdf |archivedate=9 July 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[statistics]], and [[business management]]. For example, developers of [[social software]] are interested in it, as they need to know the size of social networks their software needs to take into account; and in the modern military, operational psychologists seek such data to support or refute policies related to maintaining or improving [[unit cohesion]] and morale. A recent study has suggested that Dunbar's number is applicable to [[Social networking service|online social networks]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Modeling Users' Activity on Twitter Networks: Validation of Dunbar's Number|first1=Bruno|last1=Gonçalves|first2=Nicola|last2=Perra|first3=Alessandro|last3=Vespignani|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0022656|pmid=21826200|pmc=3149601|doi-access=free|date=3 August 2011|journal=PLOS One|volume=6|issue=8|pages=e22656|bibcode=2011PLoSO...622656G}}
Dunbar's number has become of interest in anthropology, [[evolutionary psychology]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/clas/events/gap_conference/VirtualResistanceInternetMediatedNetworks-Themudo.pdf |title=Virtual Resistance: Internet-mediated Networks (Dotcauses) and Collective Action Against Neoliberalism |format=pg. 36 |author=Nuno Themudo |date=23 March 2007 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh, University Center for International Studies |accessdate=2007-12-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090709211613/http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/clas/events/gap_conference/VirtualResistanceInternetMediatedNetworks-Themudo.pdf |archivedate=9 July 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[statistics]], and [[business management]]. For example, developers of [[social software]] are interested in it, as they need to know the size of social networks their software needs to take into account; and in the modern military, operational psychologists seek such data to support or refute policies related to maintaining or improving [[unit cohesion]] and morale. A recent study has suggested that Dunbar's number is applicable to [[Social networking service|online social networks]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Modeling Users' Activity on Twitter Networks: Validation of Dunbar's Number|first1=Bruno|last1=Gonçalves|first2=Nicola|last2=Perra|first3=Alessandro|last3=Vespignani|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0022656|pmid=21826200|pmc=3149601|doi-access=free|date=3 August 2011|journal=PLOS One|volume=6|issue=8|pages=e22656|bibcode=2011PLoSO...622656G}}