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第125行： − ==here==+ − + − − − : <math>\mathrm dS = \frac{\delta Q}{T} \,\, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \text {(actually possible quasistatic irreversible process without composition change 实际上可能<blue>的,</blue><red><s>是</s></red>不改变成分的准静态不可逆性).}</math> − + − + − 这是通过测量热容曲线和相变熵变化，来准确测定纯物质的绝对熵的基础，比如量热法。+
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--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） 我觉得应该是“This is because a general process……，because a chemical reaction……，or because heat transfer……surroundings (<sub>surr</sub>).”的并列结构。
--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） 我觉得应该是“This is because a general process……，because a chemical reaction……，or because heat transfer……surroundings (<sub>surr</sub>).”的并列结构。
--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]）and the temperature of the surroundings (<sub>surr</sub>)后面缺少半句原文：“Note that the equality still applies for pure heat flow,”
--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]）and the temperature of the surroundings (<sub>surr</sub>)后面缺少半句原文：“Note that the equality still applies for pure heat flow,”
<blue>注意这个等式也适用于'''纯热流Pure Heat Flow''',</blue>
<font color='blue'>注意这个等式也适用于'''纯热流Pure Heat Flow''',</font>
: <math>\mathrm dS = \frac{\delta Q}{T} \,\, \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \text {(actually possible quasistatic irreversible process without composition change 实际上可能的,不改变成分的准静态不可逆性).}</math>
which is the basis of the accurate determination of the absolute entropy of pure substances from measured heat capacity curves and entropy changes at phase transitions, i.e. by calorimetry.<ref name="Oxtoby8th">Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., [[Laurie Butler|Butler, L. J.]] (2015).''Principles of Modern Chemistry'', Brooks Cole. p. 617. {{ISBN|978-1305079113}}</ref> <ref name="MortimerBook"></ref> Introducing a set of internal variables <math>\xi</math> to describe the deviation of a thermodynamic system in physical equilibrium (with the required well-defined uniform pressure ''P'' and temperature ''T'')<ref name="Schmidt-Rohr 14"></ref> from the chemical equilibrium state, one can record the equality
which is the basis of the accurate determination of the absolute entropy of pure substances from measured heat capacity curves and entropy changes at phase transitions, i.e. by calorimetry.<ref name="Oxtoby8th">Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., [[Laurie Butler|Butler, L. J.]] (2015).''Principles of Modern Chemistry'', Brooks Cole. p. 617. {{ISBN|978-1305079113}}</ref> <ref name="MortimerBook"></ref> Introducing a set of internal variables <math>\xi</math> to describe the deviation of a thermodynamic system in physical equilibrium (with the required well-defined uniform pressure ''P'' and temperature ''T'')<ref name="Schmidt-Rohr 14"></ref> from the chemical equilibrium state, one can record the equality
==here==
which is the basis of the accurate determination of the absolute entropy of pure substances from measured heat capacity curves and entropy changes at phase transitions, i.e. by calorimetry.[16] [11] Introducing a set of internal variables {\displaystyle \xi }\xi to describe the deviation of a thermodynamic system in physical equilibrium (with the required well-defined uniform pressure P and temperature T)[15] from the chemical equilibrium state, one can record the equality
which is the basis of the accurate determination of the absolute entropy of pure substances from measured heat capacity curves and entropy changes at phase transitions, i.e. by calorimetry.[16] [11] Introducing a set of internal variables {\displaystyle \xi }\xi to describe the deviation of a thermodynamic system in physical equilibrium (with the required well-defined uniform pressure P and temperature T)[15] from the chemical equilibrium state, one can record the equality
<font color='blue'>这种方法</font>是通过测量'''热容曲线 Heat Capacity Curves'''和相变中熵的变化，来准确测定纯物质的绝对熵的基础，比如'''量热法calorimetry'''。
为了描述一个热力学系统在物理平衡状态下(要求有明确定义的等压P和等温T)偏离化学平衡状态，引入一组内部变量<math>x_i</math>,可以用该等式
为了描述一个热力学系统在物理平衡状态下(要求有明确定义的等压P和等温T)偏离化学平衡状态，引入一组内部变量<math>x_i</math>,可以用该等式