第62行: |
第62行: |
| 两种反馈循环同时发挥作用,但在不同的时间,它们可能有不同的优势。因此,人们可能会认为,最初几年的销售额会增长,随后几年销售额会下降。然而,一般来说,环路图并没有充分指定系统的结构,以允许仅仅通过视觉表现来确定其行为。<ref>Richardson, G. P. (1986), Problems with causal-loop diagrams. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 2: 158–170. doi:10.1002/sdr.4260020207</ref> | | 两种反馈循环同时发挥作用,但在不同的时间,它们可能有不同的优势。因此,人们可能会认为,最初几年的销售额会增长,随后几年销售额会下降。然而,一般来说,环路图并没有充分指定系统的结构,以允许仅仅通过视觉表现来确定其行为。<ref>Richardson, G. P. (1986), Problems with causal-loop diagrams. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 2: 158–170. doi:10.1002/sdr.4260020207</ref> |
| | | |
− | ===存量-流量图 Stock and flow diagrams=== | + | ===存量-流量图=== |
− | 这里Stock有文献描述为流位变量,具体翻译成什么内容有待考虑,下同
| |
− |
| |
− | 建议翻译为:存量和流量-liujing
| |
− | | |
− | | |
− | {{Main article|Stock and flow}}
| |
− | | |
− | | |
− | | |
− | Causal loop diagrams aid in visualizing a system’s structure and behavior, and analyzing the system qualitatively. To perform a more detailed quantitative analysis, a causal loop diagram is transformed to a [[stock and flow]] diagram. A stock and flow model helps in studying and analyzing the system in a quantitative way; such models are usually built and simulated using computer software.
| |
− | | |
− | Causal loop diagrams aid in visualizing a system’s structure and behavior, and analyzing the system qualitatively. To perform a more detailed quantitative analysis, a causal loop diagram is transformed to a stock and flow diagram. A stock and flow model helps in studying and analyzing the system in a quantitative way; such models are usually built and simulated using computer software.
| |
− | | |
| 因果循环图有助于将系统的结构和行为可视化,并对系统进行定性分析。为了进行更详细的定量分析,环路图被转换成存量-流量图。存量-流量模型有助于对系统进行定量研究和分析,这些模型通常是用计算机软件建立和模拟的。 | | 因果循环图有助于将系统的结构和行为可视化,并对系统进行定性分析。为了进行更详细的定量分析,环路图被转换成存量-流量图。存量-流量模型有助于对系统进行定量研究和分析,这些模型通常是用计算机软件建立和模拟的。 |
| | | |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | A stock is the term for any entity that accumulates or depletes over time. A flow is the rate of change in a stock.
| |
− |
| |
− | A stock is the term for any entity that accumulates or depletes over time. A flow is the rate of change in a stock.
| |
| | | |
| 存量是指随着时间的推移而累积或消耗的任何实体。流量是股票的变化率。 | | 存量是指随着时间的推移而累积或消耗的任何实体。流量是股票的变化率。 |
| | | |
| + | [[Image:Simple stock and flow diagram.gif|centre|frame|流量是存量的积累速率]] |
| | | |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | [[Image:Simple stock and flow diagram.gif|centre|frame|A flow is the rate of accumulation of the stock]]
| |
− |
| |
− | A flow is the rate of accumulation of the stock
| |
− |
| |
− | 流量是存量的积累速率
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− |
| |
− | In our example, there are two stocks: Potential adopters and Adopters. There is one flow: New adopters. For every new adopter, the stock of potential adopters declines by one, and the stock of adopters increases by one.
| |
− |
| |
− | In our example, there are two stocks: Potential adopters and Adopters. There is one flow: New adopters. For every new adopter, the stock of potential adopters declines by one, and the stock of adopters increases by one.
| |
| | | |
| 在我们的示例中,有两种股票: 潜在的采用者和采用者。只有一种流动: 新的采用者。对于每一个新的采用者,潜在采用者的数量减少了一个,而采用者的数量增加了一个。 | | 在我们的示例中,有两种股票: 潜在的采用者和采用者。只有一种流动: 新的采用者。对于每一个新的采用者,潜在采用者的数量减少了一个,而采用者的数量增加了一个。 |
| | | |
− | | + | [[Image:Adoption SFD.png|centre|''新产品采用''模型的存量-流量Adoption SFD.png|frame]] |
− | | |
− | | |
− | | |
− | [[Image:Adoption SFD.png|centre|Stock and flow diagram of ''New product adoption'' model|frame]] | |
− | | |
− | frame
| |
− | | |
− | 框架
| |
− | | |
− | | |
− | | |
− | | |
| | | |
| ===方程式 Equations=== | | ===方程式 Equations=== |