阿喀琉斯之踵

本词条由Agnes初步翻译

此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。

25px  此article介紹的是the phrase。For the anatomical part, see Achilles tendon. For other uses, see Achilles Heel (disambiguation).

文件:Detail of Achilles thniskon.JPG

Statue of Achilleas Thniskon (Dying Achilles) at the Corfu Achilleion.

Statue of Achilleas Thniskon (Dying Achilles) at the Corfu Achilleion.

【图1：Statue of Achilleas Thniskon (Dying Achilles) at the Corfu Achilleion.希腊科孚岛“垂死的阿喀琉斯”雕像】

==Agnes（讨论）[翻译]Statue of Achilleas Thniskon (Dying Achilles)省译

An Achilles' heel or Achilles heel is a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common.

An Achilles' heel or Achilles heel is a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can lead to downfall. While the mythological origin refers to a physical vulnerability, idiomatic references to other attributes or qualities that can lead to downfall are common.

“阿喀琉斯之踵”是指一种弱点，这个弱点最终会摧毁整体强大的实力。虽然“阿喀琉斯之踵”一词的神话起源指的是身体的脆弱性，但在习惯表达中也常用于其他能摧毁整体的特征或品质。

==Agnes（讨论）[翻译]An Achilles' heel or Achilles heel 此处省译，因为通过查询发现两种不同的英文表达在中文中都翻译为阿喀琉斯之踵，故译者认为无需重复赘述。

Origin

起源

In Greek mythology, when Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die young. To prevent his death, his mother Thetis took Achilles to the River Styx, which was supposed to offer powers of invulnerability, and dipped his body into the water; however, as Thetis held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles.

In Greek mythology, when Achilles was a baby, it was foretold that he would die young. To prevent his death, his mother Thetis took Achilles to the River Styx, which was supposed to offer powers of invulnerability, and dipped his body into the water; however, as Thetis held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles.

在希腊神话中，当阿喀琉斯还是个婴儿的时候，人们就预言他会英年早逝。为了阻止阿喀琉斯的死亡，他的母亲忒提丝（音译）把他带到冥河，并把他的身体浸入河水中，因为冥河水据说可以提供刀枪不入的能力; 然而，因为忒提丝提着阿基里斯的脚后跟，所以他的脚后跟并没有被冥河的水浸泡到。阿喀琉斯长大后成为一个战士，在许多伟大的战役中幸存下来。

Oil painting (c. 1625) by Peter Paul Rubens of the goddess Thetis dipping her son Achilles in the River Styx, which runs through Hades. In the background, the ferryman Charon rows the dead across the river in his boat.

Oil painting (c. 1625) by Peter Paul Rubens of the goddess Thetis dipping her son Achilles in the River Styx, which runs through Hades. In the background, the ferryman Charon rows the dead across the river in his boat.

【图2：Oil painting (c. 1625) by Peter Paul Rubens of the goddess Thetis dipping her son Achilles in the River Styx, which runs through Hades. In the background, the ferryman Charon rows the dead across the river in his boat.油画(约1625年)由彼得·保罗·鲁本斯创作，女神忒提丝在流经地狱的冥河中浸泡她的儿子阿喀琉斯。背景中，摆渡人卡戎撑着小船运送死者穿过冥河。】

Although the death of Achilles is predicted by Hector in Homer’s Iliad, it does not actually occur in the Iliad, but is described in later Greek and Roman poetry and drama concerning events after the Iliad, later in the Trojan War. In the myths surrounding the war, Achilles was said to have died from a wound to his heel, ankle, or torso, which was the result of an arrow—possibly poisoned—shot by Paris.

Although the death of Achilles is predicted by Hector in Homer’s Iliad, it does not actually occur in the Iliad, but is described in later Greek and Roman poetry and drama concerning events after the Iliad, later in the Trojan War. In the myths surrounding the war, Achilles was said to have died from a wound to his heel, ankle, or torso,

尽管赫克托在荷马史诗《伊利亚特》中预言了阿喀琉斯的死亡，但阿喀琉斯之死实际上并没有出现在《伊利亚特》中，而是出现在后来的古希腊罗马诗歌和戏剧所描述的《伊利亚特》之后的事件中，后来又出现在特洛伊战争中。在围绕特洛伊战争的神话中，阿喀琉斯据说是死于脚跟、脚踝或躯干的伤口。

Classical myths attribute Achilles’s invulnerability to his mother Thetis having treated him with ambrosia and burned away his mortality in the hearth fire except on the heel, by which she held him. Peleus, his father, discovered the treatment and was alarmed to see Thetis holding the baby in the flames, which offended her and made her leave the treatment incomplete. According to a myth arising later, his mother had dipped the infant Achilles in the river Styx, holding onto him by his heel, and he became invulnerable where the waters touched him—that is, everywhere except the areas of his heel that were covered by her thumb and forefinger.

Classical myths attribute Achilles’s invulnerability to his mother Thetis having treated him with ambrosia and burned away his mortality in the hearth fire except on the heel, by which she held him. Peleus, his father, discovered the treatment and was alarmed to see Thetis holding the baby in the flames, which offended her and made her leave the treatment incomplete. According to a myth arising later, his mother had dipped the infant Achilles in the river Styx, holding onto him by his heel, and he became invulnerable where the waters touched him—that is, everywhere except the areas of his heel that were covered by her thumb and forefinger.

古典神话中将阿喀琉斯的刀枪不入归功于他的母亲忒提丝曾经给他吃过珍馐（专供给神的食物），并在炉火中烧尽了他生命的限期，只留下了他母亲提着的脚后跟。他的父亲珀琉斯发现忒提丝实用这种治疗方法后非常担忧，这不仅激怒了忒提丝，也使她不能完成治疗。而根据后来出现的另一个神话，阿喀琉斯的母亲抓住他的脚后跟，将他在冥河水里蘸了一下，他与河水接触到的地方变得坚不可摧——除了他脚后跟被他母亲的拇指和食指覆盖的地方。

==Agnes（讨论）[翻译]burned away his mortality中mortality一词在牛津英汉双解词典中解释为“the state of being human and not being for ever”，译者反复思考后决定译为“生命的限期”，但是原文仍然不能完全通畅，所以对于morality一词的翻译仍然存疑；

==Agnes（讨论）[翻译]译者认为，原文中破折号“——”和“that is”所起到的作用相同，都是解释说明，为保证译文通常，此处采用省译，省去了that is 的翻译。

The oldest-known written record of the tendon being named for Achilles is in 1693 by the Flemish/Dutch anatomist Philip Verheyen. In his widely used text Corporis Humani Anatomia he described the tendon's location and said that it was commonly called "the cord of Achilles." As an expression meaning "area of weakness, vulnerable spot," the use of "Achilles heel" dates only to 1840, with implied use in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's "Ireland, that vulnerable heel of the British Achilles!" from 1810 (Oxford English Dictionary).

Anatomy

解剖学

The large and prominent tendon of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles of the calf is called the tendo achilleus or Achilles tendon. This is commonly associated with the site of Achilles's death wound. Tendons are avascular, so such an injury is unlikely to be fatal; however, the myth has the arrow poisoned with the blood of the Lernaean Hydra.

腓肠肌、比目鱼肌和跖肌的大而突出的肌腱称为小腿腱或跟腱。这个部位通常与阿喀琉斯的致命伤有关。肌腱是无血管的，所以这种损伤不太可能是致命的; 然而，神话中的箭淬上了勒拿九头蛇有毒的血液。

A more likely anatomical basis for Achilles's death, assuming an unpoisoned dart, would have been an injury to his posterior tibial artery behind the medial malleolus, in between the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the posterior tibial vein. This area could also have been included in Thetis's grip.

假设是一个没有沾上毒液的飞镖，那么阿喀琉斯之死的解剖学基础更有可能是由位于长屈指肌腱和胫后静脉之间的内踝后侧胫后动脉的损伤导致。这个区域也可能包括在忒提丝的控制范围内。

See also

参见

• • 模板:Annotated link
  • 模板:Annotated link in Norse mythology

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  Category:Idioms

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  Category:Achilles

  分类：阿喀琉斯

  
  

  This page was moved from wikipedia:en:Achilles' heel. Its edit history can be viewed at 阿喀琉斯之踵/edithistory