约翰霍普斯金野兽 Johns Hopkins Beast

此词条暂由Henry翻译。 由CecileLi初步审校

The Johns Hopkins Beast was a mobile automaton, an early pre-robot, built in the 1960s at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The machine had a rudimentary intelligence and the ability to survive on its own. As it wandered through the white halls of the laboratory, it would seek black wall outlets. When it found one it would plug in and recharge.

The Johns Hopkins Beast was a mobile automaton, an early pre-robot, built in the 1960s at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The machine had a rudimentary intelligence and the ability to survive on its own. As it wandered through the white halls of the laboratory, it would seek black wall outlets. When it found one it would plug in and recharge.

约翰霍普斯金野兽Johns Hopkins Beast是指一个建于20世纪60年代的约翰·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室的早期的移动自动机器人。这个机器人具有基本的智能和独立生存的能力。当它穿过实验室的白色大厅时，它会寻找黑色墙壁的出口。当它找到一个插座时，它就会插上电源充电。

The robot was cybernetic. It did not use a computer. Its control circuitry consisted of dozens of transistors controlling analog voltages. It used photocell optics and sonar to navigate. The 2N404 transistors were used to create NOR logic gates that implemented the Boolean logic to tell it what to do when a specific sensor was activated. The 2N404 transistors were also used to create timing gates to tell it how long to do something. 2N1040 Power transistors were used to control the power to the motion treads, the boom, and the charging mechanism.

The robot was cybernetic. It did not use a computer. Its control circuitry consisted of dozens of transistors controlling analog voltages. It used photocell optics and sonar to navigate. The 2N404 transistors were used to create NOR logic gates that implemented the Boolean logic to tell it what to do when a specific sensor was activated. The 2N404 transistors were also used to create timing gates to tell it how long to do something. 2N1040 Power transistors were used to control the power to the motion treads, the boom, and the charging mechanism.

这个机器人是自动化的，不需要人类通过电脑控制。它的控制电路由几十个控制模拟电压的晶体管组成并且它使用光电池光学和声纳导航。用来创建 NOR 逻辑门的是2N404晶体管，逻辑门执行 布尔逻辑Boolean logic布尔逻辑，当一个特定的传感器被激活时它就对机器人发出相应的指令。同时该晶体管也被用来制造计时门以告诉它做某件事需要多长时间以及控制电源的运动踏板，轰鸣和充电机制。

The original sensors in Mod I were physical touch only. The wall socket was detected by physical switches on the arm that followed the wall. Once detected, two electrical prongs were extended until they entered the wall socket and made the electrical connection to charge the vehicle. The stairway, doors, and pipes on the hall wall were also detected by physical switches and recognized by appropriate logic.

The original sensors in Mod I were physical touch only. The wall socket was detected by physical switches on the arm that followed the wall. Once detected, two electrical prongs were extended until they entered the wall socket and made the electrical connection to charge the vehicle. The stairway, doors, and pipes on the hall wall were also detected by physical switches and recognized by appropriate logic.

在 Mod I中最初的传感器只是物理接触。墙上的插座是通过连接在墙上的手臂上的物理开关检测到的。一旦检测到信号，两个电子插头便会延长，直到它们进入墙壁插座，并建立电气连接来给机器人充电。大厅墙上的楼梯、门和管道也能被物理开关检测到，并被合适的逻辑识别出来。

The sonar guidance system was developed for Mod I and improved for Mod II. It used two ultrasonic transducers to determine distance, location within the halls, and obstructions in its path. This provided "The Beast" with bat-like guidance. At this point, it could detect obstructions in the hallway, such as people in the hallway. Once an obstruction was detected, the Beast would slow down and then decide whether to stop or divert around the obstruction. It could also ultrasonically recognize the stairway and doorways to take appropriate action.

The sonar guidance system was developed for Mod I and improved for Mod II. It used two ultrasonic transducers to determine distance, location within the halls, and obstructions in its path. This provided "The Beast" with bat-like guidance. At this point, it could detect obstructions in the hallway, such as people in the hallway. Once an obstruction was detected, the Beast would slow down and then decide whether to stop or divert around the obstruction. It could also ultrasonically recognize the stairway and doorways to take appropriate action.

声纳制导系统是为 Mod I研制的，后来为 Mod II 进行了改进。它使用两个超声换能器来确定距离、大厅内的位置以及路径上的障碍物。这为“野兽”提供了如蝙蝠的指导，以探测到走廊上的障碍物，如走廊上的人等。一旦检测到障碍物，野兽就会减速，然后决定是停止行进还是绕过障碍物。它也可以通过超声波识别楼梯和门道来采取适当的行动。

An optical guidance system was added to Mod II. This provided, among other capabilities, the ability to optically identify the black wall sockets that contrasted with the white wall.

An optical guidance system was added to Mod II. This provided, among other capabilities, the ability to optically identify the black wall sockets that contrasted with the white wall.

在 Mod II 中还增加了一个光学制导系统，这给它提供了能够光学识别黑色墙壁插座与白色墙壁不同的能力。

The Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II link below was written by Dr. Ronald McConnell, at that time a co-op student and one of the designers for Mod II. Many additional references can be found at this link.

The Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II link below was written by Dr. Ronald McConnell, at that time a co-op student and one of the designers for Mod II. Many additional references can be found at this link.

下面的霍普金斯野兽自主机器人MOD II 链接是由罗纳德·麦克康奈尔博士编写的，他当时是带薪实习的学生，也是MOD II 的设计者之一。在这个链接中可以找到许多其他的引用。

References 参考资料

参考资料

• Moravec, Hans (1988

1988年). [https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora Mind Children

标题: 小心孩子]. Harvard University Press

Https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora : 哈佛大学出版社. p. 3

[ https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora/page/3]. https://archive.org/details/mindchildrenfutu00mora. 

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• Watson

最后的华生, David

首先是大卫; Scheidt, David

2 Scheidt，David (2005

2005年). "Autonomous Systems" (PDF). Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest 约翰霍普金斯技术文摘. 出版商. 26

第26卷 (4

第四期): 368–376

第368-376页. doi:不会吧. ISSN 不会有事的. 我会的. Archived from [http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/TD/td2604/Watson.pdf

Http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td/td2604/watson.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 访问日期. {{cite journal}}: Check |doi= value (help); Check |issn= value (help); Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= and |year= (help); Invalid |url-status=dead

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External links 外部链接

外部链接

• 1960: The Hopkins Beast

• 1962-5 – Hopkins Beast Autonomous Robot Mod II

• APL Flashback: 1964 - "Ferdinand" the Mobile Automaton

• APL Flashback: 1965 - The "Hopkins Beast" Mobile Automaton

Category:Historical robots

类别: 历史机器人

Category:Cybernetics

类别: 控制论

Category:History of artificial intelligence

类别: 人工智能的历史

Category:Johns Hopkins University

类别: 约翰·霍普金斯大学

Category:1960s robots

类别: 20世纪60年代的机器人

Category:Robots of the United States

类别: 美国机器人

Category:Rolling robots

类别: 滚动机器人

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