“美狄亚假说”的版本间的差异
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*[http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Bright-Green/2010/0212/The-Medea-Hypothesis-A-response-to-the-Gaia-hypothesis/%28page%29/1 The Medea Hypothesis: A response to the Gaia hypothesis] Review of Ward's book, February 12, 2010 . | *[http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Bright-Green/2010/0212/The-Medea-Hypothesis-A-response-to-the-Gaia-hypothesis/%28page%29/1 The Medea Hypothesis: A response to the Gaia hypothesis] Review of Ward's book, February 12, 2010 . | ||
*[http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2010/01/13/paleontologist-peter-wards-medea-hypothesis-life-is-out-to-get-you/ Paleontologist Peter Ward’s “Medea hypothesis”: Life is out to get you] Scientific American review, January 13, 2010 | *[http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2010/01/13/paleontologist-peter-wards-medea-hypothesis-life-is-out-to-get-you/ Paleontologist Peter Ward’s “Medea hypothesis”: Life is out to get you] Scientific American review, January 13, 2010 | ||
| − | *[http://www.astrobiologysociety.org/book-reviews-mainmenu-39/297-the-medea-hypothesis.html The Medea Hypothesis] Review by the | + | *[http://www.astrobiologysociety.org/book-reviews-mainmenu-39/297-the-medea-hypothesis.html The Medea Hypothesis] Review by the Astrobiology Society of Britain. |
*[http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=408337§ioncode=26 The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive? Outlook for the world is still grim] Review in the [[Times Educational Supplement]] | *[http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=408337§ioncode=26 The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive? Outlook for the world is still grim] Review in the [[Times Educational Supplement]] | ||
2020年11月15日 (日) 00:05的版本
美狄亚假说 Medea hypothesis[1]是古生物学家彼得·沃德 Peter Ward为反盖亚假说 anti-Gaia hypothesis创造的一个术语，该假说认为多细胞生命（也被理解为超有机体），具有自杀倾向。按照这种观点，微生物引发的大规模物种灭绝是试图使地球恢复到历史上大部分时间以微生物为主的状态。[2][3][4]这个比喻指的是神话中的美狄亚（代表地球） ，她杀死了自己的孩子（代表多细胞生命）。
以往的 "自杀企图 suicide attempts" 包括:
- 甲烷中毒 Methane poisoning，35亿年前
- 大氧化事件 reat Oxygenation Event，24.5亿年前
- 雪球地球，两次，分别是（ 休伦冰河时期 Huronian glaciation（24亿年前到21亿年前）以及7.96亿年前到6.3亿年前
- 至少五次公认的硫化氢导致的大灭绝，比如 二叠纪-三叠纪灭绝事件 Permian–Triassic extinction event
这份名单不包括 白垩纪-古近纪大灭绝事件 Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event，因为这次事件至少部分是由流星撞击引起的。
Peter Ward还认为，目前人为导致的气候变化和大规模物种灭绝事件可能被认为是最近的美狄亚事件。由于这些事件是人为的，他假定美狄亚事件不一定是由微生物引起的，也可能由智慧生命引起。他认为，复杂生命的最终大规模灭绝，大约在未来5亿年左右，这也将被视为美狄亚事件。到那时仍然存在的植物将被迫适应日益变暖和膨胀的太阳，从而使它们从大气中吸收更多的二氧化碳(反过来，这也由于太阳不断增加的热量导致逐渐加快的风化过程，使二氧化碳从大气中消失) ，并最终通过使二氧化碳浓度降低到只有10ppm(低于这个浓度，植物将无法存活)来加速复杂生命的完全灭绝。然而，Ward同时认为，像人类这样的智慧生命可能不一定只是触发未来的美狄亚事件，也有可能最终阻止它们的发生。
参见
参考文献
- ↑ Peter Ward (2009), The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive?
- ↑ Gaia's evil twin: Is life its own worst enemy? The New Scientist. Volume 202, Issue 2713, 17 June 2009, pages 28–31 (Cover story)
- ↑ Bennett, Drake (2009-01-11). "Dark green: A scientist argues that the natural world isn't benevolent and sustaining: it's bent on self-destruction". Boston.com. The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
- ↑ Grey, William (February 2010). "Gaia theory – Reflections on life on earth". Australian Review of Public Affairs. University of Sydney. Retrieved 2010-02-26.
其他链接
- Peter Ward's lecture
- The Medea Hypothesis: A response to the Gaia hypothesis Review of Ward's book, February 12, 2010 .
- Paleontologist Peter Ward’s “Medea hypothesis”: Life is out to get you Scientific American review, January 13, 2010
- The Medea Hypothesis Review by the Astrobiology Society of Britain.
- The Medea Hypothesis: Is Life on Earth Ultimately Self-Destructive? Outlook for the world is still grim Review in the Times Educational Supplement
本中文词条Henry翻译，由高飞审校，张江总审校，薄荷编辑欢迎在讨论页面留言。
本词条内容翻译自 wikipedia.org，遵守 CC3.0协议。