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=== 泛种论===

=== 泛种论===

泛种论是一种假说，即生命存在于整个宇宙，由流星体、小行星、彗星分布。<ref name="cometary panspermia">{{cite journal| last=Wickramasinghe|first=Chandra| title=Bacterial morphologies supporting cometary panspermia: a reappraisal| journal=International Journal of Astrobiology|year=2011| volume=10| issue=1| pages=25–30 | doi= 10.1017/S1473550410000157 |bibcode = 2011IJAsB..10...25W|citeseerx=10.1.1.368.4449|s2cid=7262449}}</ref>

泛种论是一种假说，即生命存在于整个宇宙，由流星体、小行星、彗星分布。<ref name="cometary panspermia">{{cite journal| last=Wickramasinghe|first=Chandra| title=Bacterial morphologies supporting cometary panspermia: a reappraisal| journal=International Journal of Astrobiology|year=2011| volume=10| issue=1| pages=25–30 | doi= 10.1017/S1473550410000157 |bibcode = 2011IJAsB..10...25W|citeseerx=10.1.1.368.4449}}</ref>

泛种论假说并不试图解释生命最初是如何起源的，而只是将起源转移到另一颗行星或彗星上。原始生命的地外起源的优点是，生命不需要在它出现的每个星球上形成，而是在一个单一的位置，然后通过彗星和/或陨石撞击在银河系周围传播到其他恒星系统。<ref name="NYT-20160912">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Visions of Life on Mars in Earth's Depths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |date=12 September 2016 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=12 September 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912225220/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |archivedate=12 September 2016}}</ref> 泛种论假说的证据很少，但它在对南极洲发现的火星陨石的研究和对极端微生物在外太空测试中生存的研究中找到了一些支持。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Clark |first=Stuart |date=25 September 2002 |title=Tough Earth bug may be from Mars |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2844 |journal=New Scientist |accessdate=2015-06-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202003401/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2844 |archivedate=2 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Gerda Horneck">{{cite journal |last1=Horneck |first1=Gerda |last2=Klaus |first2=David M. |last3=Mancinelli |first3=Rocco L. |date=March 2010 |title=Space Microbiology |journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=121–156 |doi=10.1128/MMBR.00016-09  |pmc=2832349 |pmid=20197502|bibcode=2010MMBR...74..121H }}</ref><ref name="Rabbow">{{cite journal |last1=Rabbow |first1=Elke |last2=Horneck |first2=Gerda |last3=Rettberg |first3=Petra |last4=Schott |first4=Jobst-Ulrich |last5=Panitz |first5=Corinna |last6=L'Afflitto |first6=Andrea |last7=von Heise-Rotenburg |first7=Ralf |last8=Willnecker |first8=Reiner |last9=Baglioni |first9=Pietro |last10=Hatton |first10=Jason |last11=Dettmann |first11=Jan |last12=Demets |first12=René |last13=Reitz |first13=Günther |display-authors=3 |date=December 2009 |title=EXPOSE, an Astrobiological Exposure Facility on the International Space Station – from Proposal to Flight |journal=Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=581–598 |bibcode=2009OLEB...39..581R |doi=10.1007/s11084-009-9173-6|pmid=19629743}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Onofri |first1=Silvano |last2=de la Torre |first2=Rosa |last3=de Vera |first3=Jean-Pierre |last4=Ott |first4=Sieglinde |last5=Zucconi |first5=Laura |last6=Selbmann |first6=Laura |last7=Scalzi |first7=Giuliano |last8=Venkateswaran |first8=Kasthuri J. |last9=Rabbow |first9=Elke |last10=Sánchez Iñigo |first10=Francisco J. |last11=Horneck |first11=Gerda |display-authors=3 |date=May 2012 |title=Survival of Rock-Colonizing Organisms After 1.5 Years in Outer Space |journal=Astrobiology |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=508–516 |bibcode=2012AsBio..12..508O |doi=10.1089/ast.2011.0736 |pmid=22680696}}</ref>

泛种论假说并不试图解释生命最初是如何起源的，而只是将起源转移到另一颗行星或彗星上。原始生命的地外起源的优点是，生命不需要在它出现的每个星球上形成，而是在一个单一的位置，然后通过彗星和/或陨石撞击在银河系周围传播到其他恒星系统。<ref name="NYT-20160912">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=Visions of Life on Mars in Earth's Depths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |date=12 September 2016 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=12 September 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912225220/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/13/science/south-african-mine-life-on-mars.html |archivedate=12 September 2016}}</ref> 泛种论假说的证据很少，但它在对南极洲发现的火星陨石的研究和对极端微生物在外太空测试中生存的研究中找到了一些支持。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Clark |first=Stuart |date=25 September 2002 |title=Tough Earth bug may be from Mars |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2844 |journal=New Scientist |accessdate=2015-06-21 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202003401/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2844 |archivedate=2 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Gerda Horneck">{{cite journal |last1=Horneck |first1=Gerda |last2=Klaus |first2=David M. |last3=Mancinelli |first3=Rocco L. |date=March 2010 |title=Space Microbiology |journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=121–156 |doi=10.1128/MMBR.00016-09  |pmc=2832349 |pmid=20197502|bibcode=2010MMBR...74..121H }}</ref><ref name="Rabbow">{{cite journal |last1=Rabbow |first1=Elke |last2=Horneck |first2=Gerda |last3=Rettberg |first3=Petra |last4=Schott |first4=Jobst-Ulrich |last5=Panitz |first5=Corinna |last6=L'Afflitto |first6=Andrea |last7=von Heise-Rotenburg |first7=Ralf |last8=Willnecker |first8=Reiner |last9=Baglioni |first9=Pietro |last10=Hatton |first10=Jason |last11=Dettmann |first11=Jan |last12=Demets |first12=René |last13=Reitz |first13=Günther |display-authors=3 |date=December 2009 |title=EXPOSE, an Astrobiological Exposure Facility on the International Space Station – from Proposal to Flight |journal=Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres |volume=39 |issue=6 |pages=581–598 |bibcode=2009OLEB...39..581R |doi=10.1007/s11084-009-9173-6|pmid=19629743}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Onofri |first1=Silvano |last2=de la Torre |first2=Rosa |last3=de Vera |first3=Jean-Pierre |last4=Ott |first4=Sieglinde |last5=Zucconi |first5=Laura |last6=Selbmann |first6=Laura |last7=Scalzi |first7=Giuliano |last8=Venkateswaran |first8=Kasthuri J. |last9=Rabbow |first9=Elke |last10=Sánchez Iñigo |first10=Francisco J. |last11=Horneck |first11=Gerda |display-authors=3 |date=May 2012 |title=Survival of Rock-Colonizing Organisms After 1.5 Years in Outer Space |journal=Astrobiology |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=508–516 |bibcode=2012AsBio..12..508O |doi=10.1089/ast.2011.0736 |pmid=22680696}}</ref>