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− | 在20世纪50年代的第二次红色恐慌中,美国联邦政府指责他"通共"。1950年,美国军事部门罔顾他的同事们的一致抗议,吊销了钱学森参加机密研究的证书<ref name="autogenerated57">{{cite journal |date = {{Date|2008-01-07|dmy}} |title = Person of the Year: Qian Xuesen |url = http://aviationweek.com/awin/qian-xuesen-laid-foundation-china-s-space-rise |journal = Aviation Week and Space Technology |volume = 168 |pages = 57–61 |last1 = Perrett |first1 = Bradley |last2 = Asker |first2 = James R. |number = 1 |access-date = {{Date|2015-02-02|dmy}} }} {{subreq}}</ref>。当钱学森准备返回中国时,他被美国官员阻拦并拘留在洛杉矶附近的终端岛(特米那岛)。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/astros/tsien.htm |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title = Tsien |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date = {{Date|2015-02-02|dmy}} |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131013215748/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/tsien.htm |archive-date = 2013-10-13 }}</ref> | + | 在20世纪50年代的第二次红色恐慌中,美国联邦政府指责他"通共"。1950年,美国军事部门罔顾他的同事们的一致抗议,吊销了钱学森参加机密研究的证书<ref name="autogenerated57">{{cite journal |date = 2008-01-07|title = Person of the Year: Qian Xuesen |url = http://aviationweek.com/awin/qian-xuesen-laid-foundation-china-s-space-rise |journal = Aviation Week and Space Technology |volume = 168 |pages = 57–61 |last1 = Perrett |first1 = Bradley |last2 = Asker |first2 = James R. |number = 1 |access-date = 2015-02-02 }} {{subreq}}</ref>。当钱学森准备返回中国时,他被美国官员阻拦并拘留在洛杉矶附近的终端岛(特米那岛)。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.astronautix.com/astros/tsien.htm |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title = Tsien |website = Encyclopedia Astronautica |access-date = 2015-02-02}} |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131013215748/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/tsien.htm |archive-date = 2013-10-13 }}</ref> |
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− | 1955年,在他被软禁了五年之后<ref name="caltech1">{{cite web |url = http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=39604 |title = Tsien Hsue-Shen Dies |website = Caltech |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date = {{Date|2009-11-02|dmy}} |accessdate = {{Date|2015-02-02|dmy}} |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612190920/http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=39604 |archive-date = {{date|2010-06-12|dmy}} |url-status = dead }}</ref>,中国以释放11名在朝鲜战争中俘获的美军飞行员作为交换,美国最终释放了钱学森。同年9月,他离开美国,乘坐美国总统邮轮克利夫兰号,经由香港抵达中国。 <ref name="MJ550913">{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LAkkAAAAIBAJ&pg=7147%2C5707600 |title = US Deporting Rocket Expert |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date = {{Date|1955-09-13|dmy}} |newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal |access-date = {{Date|2015-02-02|dmy}} }}</ref> | + | 1955年,在他被软禁了五年之后<ref name="caltech1">{{cite web |url = http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=39604 |title = Tsien Hsue-Shen Dies |website = Caltech |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date = 2009-11-02|accessdate = 2015-02-02|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100612190920/http://today.caltech.edu/today/story-display.tcl?story_id=39604 |archive-date =2010-06-12|url-status = dead }}</ref>,中国以释放11名在朝鲜战争中俘获的美军飞行员作为交换,美国最终释放了钱学森。同年9月,他离开美国,乘坐美国总统邮轮克利夫兰号,经由香港抵达中国。 <ref name="MJ550913">{{cite news |url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LAkkAAAAIBAJ&pg=7147%2C5707600 |title = US Deporting Rocket Expert |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date = 1955-09-13|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal |access-date = 2015-02-02}}</ref> |
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− | 一回国,他就领导了中国的核武器计划<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-me-qian-xuesen1-2009nov01-story.html |title = Qian Xuesen dies at 98; rocket scientist helped establish Jet Propulsion Laboratory|website = LA Times |date = {{Date|2016-09-16|dmy}} |access-date = {{Date|2019-11-26|dmy}} }}</ref> 。这一计划最终促成了中国首次原子弹试验和氢弹试验的成功 ,并成为第五个核武器国家,同时实现了历史上最快的裂变-聚变发展。此外,钱学森的工作还促进了东风弹道导弹和中国太空计划的发展。由于他的卓越贡献,他被称为“中国火箭之父”,外号号“火箭之王”,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/10294899.html |title = 钱学森:历尽险阻报效祖国 火箭之王淡泊名誉 |trans-title = Qian Xuesen: King of Rocketry who experienced obstacles in serving the Motherland |website = 人民网 (People.com.cn) |date = {{Date|2009-10-31|dmy}} |access-date = {{Date|2009-10-31|dmy}} |language = zh-Hans-CN }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://news.163.com/09/1031/17/5MVIKNT90001124J.html |title = 美国航空周刊2008年度人物:钱学森 |trans-title = US Aviation Week & Space Technology Person of the Year 2008: Qian Xuesen |website = 网易探索(广州) |date = {{Date|2009-10-31|dmy}} |access-date = {{Date|2009-11-11|dmy}} |language = zh-Hans-CN }}</ref> 并且他也是公认的“两弹一星”奠基人之一。<ref>{{cite news |title = 23位两弹一星元勋已有17人离世 媒体解析其功绩 |url = http://news.china.com/domesticgd/10000159/20160529/22762769.html |website = China.com |date = 30 May 2016 |language = zh-Hans-CN}}</ref> | + | 一回国,他就领导了中国的核武器计划<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-me-qian-xuesen1-2009nov01-story.html |title = Qian Xuesen dies at 98; rocket scientist helped establish Jet Propulsion Laboratory|website = LA Times |date =2016-09-16 |access-date = 2019-11-26}}</ref> 。这一计划最终促成了中国首次原子弹试验和氢弹试验的成功 ,并成为第五个核武器国家,同时实现了历史上最快的裂变-聚变发展。此外,钱学森的工作还促进了东风弹道导弹和中国太空计划的发展。由于他的卓越贡献,他被称为“中国火箭之父”,外号号“火箭之王”,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/10294899.html |title = 钱学森:历尽险阻报效祖国 火箭之王淡泊名誉 |trans-title = Qian Xuesen: King of Rocketry who experienced obstacles in serving the Motherland |website = 人民网 (People.com.cn) |date = 2009-10-31|access-date =2009-10-31 |language = zh-Hans-CN }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://news.163.com/09/1031/17/5MVIKNT90001124J.html |title = 美国航空周刊2008年度人物:钱学森 |trans-title = US Aviation Week & Space Technology Person of the Year 2008: Qian Xuesen |website = 网易探索(广州) |date =2009-10-31|access-date =2009-11-11 |language = zh-Hans-CN }}</ref> 并且他也是公认的“两弹一星”奠基人之一。<ref>{{cite news |title = 23位两弹一星元勋已有17人离世 媒体解析其功绩 |url = http://news.china.com/domesticgd/10000159/20160529/22762769.html |website = China.com |date =2016-05-30 |language = zh-Hans-CN}}</ref> |
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− | 1947年,钱学森获得美国永久居民许可证<ref name="MJ550913" />。曾有传言指出,1949年,尽管他不能获得公民身份,但他仍申请加入美国国籍。但此事除了少数人的回忆<ref name="autogenerated57" /> t,没有其他官方证据表明钱学森曾试图申请加入美国国籍。多年后,他的妻子蒋英在接受凤凰卫视采访时明确表示,钱学森从未申请加入美国国籍。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://v.ifeng.com/history/renwujingdian//201202/18b53c55-2072-4e66-90d8-5cea9450fd38.shtml |script-title = zh:2012-02-18我的中国心 天籁美音——蒋英 |trans-title = My Chinese Heart heavenly tone: Jiang Ying |date = {{Date|2012-02-18|dmy}} |author = 凤凰卫视 |publisher = 凤凰网/凤凰视频 |access-date = {{Date|2015-02-02|dmy}} |language = zh }}</ref> | + | 1947年,钱学森获得美国永久居民许可证<ref name="MJ550913" />。曾有传言指出,1949年,尽管他不能获得公民身份,但他仍申请加入美国国籍。但此事除了少数人的回忆<ref name="autogenerated57" /> t,没有其他官方证据表明钱学森曾试图申请加入美国国籍。多年后,他的妻子蒋英在接受凤凰卫视采访时明确表示,钱学森从未申请加入美国国籍。<ref>{{cite web |url = http://v.ifeng.com/history/renwujingdian//201202/18b53c55-2072-4e66-90d8-5cea9450fd38.shtml |script-title = zh:2012-02-18我的中国心 天籁美音——蒋英 |trans-title = My Chinese Heart heavenly tone: Jiang Ying |date = 2012-02-18|author = 凤凰卫视 |publisher = 凤凰网/凤凰视频 |access-date =2015-02-02|language = zh }}</ref> |
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− | 在加州理工学院期间,钱学森曾秘密参加了与J.罗伯特·奥本海默的弟弟弗兰克·奥本海默、杰克·帕森斯和弗兰克·玛丽娜的会议,这些会议是由俄罗斯出生的犹太化学家西德尼·温鲍姆组织的,并被称为帕萨迪纳共产党的122专业单位。<ref>[[Ray Monk]], ''Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center'' [[Random House]] {{ISBN|978-0-385-50407-2}} (2012)</ref> 对温鲍姆的审判于8月30日开始,弗兰克·奥本海默和帕森斯都作证指控温鲍姆。温鲍姆被判伪证罪,判处四年有期徒刑<ref>Chang (1995), p. 159.</ref> 。钱学森于1950年9月6日被拘留审问<ref name="MJ550913" />,并在特米那岛(终端岛)拘留了两周。特米那岛(终端岛)是美国联邦监狱,靠近洛杉矶和长滩港。 | + | 在加州理工学院期间,钱学森曾秘密参加了与J.罗伯特·奥本海默的弟弟弗兰克·奥本海默、杰克·帕森斯和弗兰克·玛丽娜的会议,这些会议是由俄罗斯出生的犹太化学家西德尼·温鲍姆组织的,并被称为帕萨迪纳共产党的122专业单位。<ref>[[Ray Monk]], ''Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center'' Random House (2012)</ref> 对温鲍姆的审判于8月30日开始,弗兰克·奥本海默和帕森斯都作证指控温鲍姆。温鲍姆被判伪证罪,判处四年有期徒刑<ref>Chang (1995), p. 159.</ref> 。钱学森于1950年9月6日被拘留审问<ref name="MJ550913" />,并在特米那岛(终端岛)拘留了两周。特米那岛(终端岛)是美国联邦监狱,靠近洛杉矶和长滩港。 |
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− | 美国政府取消了钱学森的旅行禁令<ref name="MJ550913" />,此后不久他就从加州理工学院辞职了。在Dwight Eisenhower总统个人同意的情况下,Qian于1955年9月离开洛杉矶前往香港的克利夫兰总统Qian,在传言说他的释放是对自朝鲜战争结束后被中国俘虏的11名美国空军的调换<ref>Brownell, Richard. Space exploration. Detroit, Lucent Books, 2012. 82 p.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.astronautix.com/t/tsien.html | title=Tsien}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CooeAAAAIBAJ&pg=3115%2C1559834 |title=Scientist To Be Deported By U.S. |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date={{date|1955-09-13|dmy}} |newspaper=DAytona Beach Morning Journal |agency = AP |access-date = {{date|2015-02-02|dmy}} }}</ref> 。Qian于1955年10月8日抵达香港,当天晚些时候经由九广铁路进入中国。 | + | 美国政府取消了钱学森的旅行禁令<ref name="MJ550913" />,此后不久他就从加州理工学院辞职了。在Dwight Eisenhower总统个人同意的情况下,Qian于1955年9月离开洛杉矶前往香港的克利夫兰总统Qian,在传言说他的释放是对自朝鲜战争结束后被中国俘虏的11名美国空军的调换<ref>Brownell, Richard. Space exploration. Detroit, Lucent Books, 2012. 82 p.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.astronautix.com/t/tsien.html | title=Tsien}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CooeAAAAIBAJ&pg=3115%2C1559834 |title=Scientist To Be Deported By U.S. |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1955-09-13|newspaper=DAytona Beach Morning Journal |agency = AP |access-date =2015-02-02}}</ref> 。Qian于1955年10月8日抵达香港,当天晚些时候经由九广铁路进入中国。 |
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− | 从20世纪80年代起,钱学森倡导对中医、气功进行科学研究,提出“人体特殊功能”的概念。他特别鼓励科学家积累气功的观测数据,以便将来建立科学理论。 <ref>{{cite book |author = Qian Xuesen |title = 《创建人体科学》 |location = Chengdu |publisher = Sichuan Education Publishing House |date = May 1989 |edition = 1st |display-authors = etal }}</ref> | + | 从20世纪80年代起,钱学森倡导对中医、气功进行科学研究,提出“人体特殊功能”的概念。他特别鼓励科学家积累气功的观测数据,以便将来建立科学理论。 <ref>{{cite book |author = Qian Xuesen |title = 《创建人体科学》 |location = Chengdu |publisher = Sichuan Education Publishing House |date = 1989-05 |edition = 1st |display-authors = etal }}</ref> |
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| * 1953: "Take-Off from Satellite Orbit", ''Journal of the American Rocket Society'' 23(4) | | * 1953: "Take-Off from Satellite Orbit", ''Journal of the American Rocket Society'' 23(4) |
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− | * 1956: "The Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo Method", ''Advances in Applied Mechanics'' 4: 281–349, {{mr |id = 0079929 }}. | + | * 1956: "The Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo Method", ''Advances in Applied Mechanics'' 4: 281–349. |
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− | * 1958: "The equations of gas dynamics", in ''Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics'' v. 3, [[Princeton University Press]], {{mr |id = 0097212 }}. | + | * 1958: "The equations of gas dynamics", in ''Fundamentals of Gas Dynamics'' v. 3, [[Princeton University Press]]. |
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| * Harvey, Brian (2004). ''China's Space Program: From Conception to Manned Spaceflight''. Springer-Verlag. | | * Harvey, Brian (2004). ''China's Space Program: From Conception to Manned Spaceflight''. Springer-Verlag. |
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− | * {{cite journal |last1 = Viorst |first1 = Milton |title = The Bitter Tea of Dr. Tsien |date = September 1967 |journal = Esquire |url = |access-date = }} | + | * {{cite journal |last1 = Viorst |first1 = Milton |title = The Bitter Tea of Dr. Tsien |date = September 1967 |journal = Esquire }} |
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| * {{cite book|last1=Ryan|first1=William L.|last2=Summerlin|first2=Sam|title=The China Cloud: America's Tragic Blunder and China's Rise to Nuclear Power|place=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|year=1968|oclc=443363|lccn=68024245|ref=harv}} | | * {{cite book|last1=Ryan|first1=William L.|last2=Summerlin|first2=Sam|title=The China Cloud: America's Tragic Blunder and China's Rise to Nuclear Power|place=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|year=1968|oclc=443363|lccn=68024245|ref=harv}} |