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共同进化最初是一个生物学概念，但研究人员已将其应用于计算机科学、社会学和天文学等领域。

共同进化最初是一个生物学概念，但研究人员已将其应用于计算机科学、社会学和天文学等领域。

=互惠关系=

==互惠关系==

{{Main|Mutualism (biology)}}

{{Main|Mutualism (biology)}}

无论是具有如性冲突<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rstb.2005.1785 |title=Sexual conflict over mating and fertilization: An overview |year=2006 |last1=Parker |first1=G. A. |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=361 |issue=1466 |pages=235–59 |pmid=16612884 |pmc=1569603}}</ref>和性选择<ref name="UCL">{{cite web|title=Biol 2007 - Coevolution|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbhdjm/courses/b242/Coevol/Coevol.html|publisher=[[University College, London]]|access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref>等特征的种内竞争，还是具有如食肉动物之间的种间竞争，都可能推动共同演化。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Connell |first1=Joseph H. |s2cid=5576868 |title=Diversity and the Coevolution of Competitors, or the Ghost of Competition Past |journal=Oikos |date=October 1980 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=131–138 |doi=10.2307/3544421 |jstor=3544421}}</ref>  

无论是具有如性冲突<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rstb.2005.1785 |title=Sexual conflict over mating and fertilization: An overview |year=2006 |last1=Parker |first1=G. A. |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=361 |issue=1466 |pages=235–59 |pmid=16612884 |pmc=1569603}}</ref>和性选择<ref name="UCL">{{cite web|title=Biol 2007 - Coevolution|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbhdjm/courses/b242/Coevol/Coevol.html|publisher=[[University College, London]]|access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref>等特征的种内竞争，还是具有如食肉动物之间的种间竞争，都可能推动共同演化。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Connell |first1=Joseph H. |s2cid=5576868 |title=Diversity and the Coevolution of Competitors, or the Ghost of Competition Past |journal=Oikos |date=October 1980 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=131–138 |doi=10.2307/3544421 |jstor=3544421}}</ref>  

== Multispecies ==

== 多物种 ==

[[File:Amegilla cingulata on long tube of Acanthus ilicifolius flower.jpg|thumb|upright|长舌蜜蜂和长筒花朵成对或成组（集团）的“广泛”共同演化。<ref name=Juenger/>|链接=Special:FilePath/Amegilla_cingulata_on_long_tube_of_Acanthus_ilicifolius_flower.jpg]]

[[File:Amegilla cingulata on long tube of Acanthus ilicifolius flower.jpg|thumb|upright|长舌蜜蜂和长筒花朵成对或成组（集团）的“广泛”共同演化。<ref name=Juenger/>|链接=Special:FilePath/Amegilla_cingulata_on_long_tube_of_Acanthus_ilicifolius_flower.jpg]]

In astronomy, an emerging theory proposes that black holes and galaxies develop in an interdependent way analogous to biological coevolution.

In astronomy, an emerging theory proposes that black holes and galaxies develop in an interdependent way analogous to biological coevolution.

在天文学中，一个新兴的理论提出，黑洞和星系以一种相互依存的方式发展，类似于生物的共同演化。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gnedin |first=Oleg Y. |display-authors=etal|title=Co-Evolution of Galactic Nuclei and Globular Cluster Systems |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=785 |issue=1 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/71 |bibcode=2014ApJ...785...71G |pages=71|arxiv=1308.0021|year=2014 |s2cid=118660328 }}</ref>

在天文学中，一个新兴的理论提出黑洞和星系以一种相互依存的方式生存，类似于生物的共同演化。<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gnedin |first=Oleg Y. |display-authors=etal|title=Co-Evolution of Galactic Nuclei and Globular Cluster Systems |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=785 |issue=1 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/71 |bibcode=2014ApJ...785...71G |pages=71|arxiv=1308.0021|year=2014 |s2cid=118660328 }}</ref>

===在管理和组织研究中===

===在管理和组织研究中===

*Genomics of domestication

*Genomics of domestication

= 也可以看看 =  

== 也可以看看 ==  

* Bak-Sneppen模型

* Bak-Sneppen模型

* 共同灭绝  

* 共同灭绝  

{{Notelist}}

{{Notelist}}

==References==

==参考文献==

{{Reflist}}

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

==External links==

*[http://www.cosmolearning.com/video-lectures/coevolution-6703/ Coevolution], video of lecture by [[Stephen C. Stearns]] ([[Open Yale Courses]])

*, video of lecture by [[Stephen C. Stearns]] ([[Open Yale Courses]])

*Coevolution, video of lecture by Stephen C. Stearns (Open Yale Courses)

*Coevolution, video of lecture by Stephen C. Stearns (Open Yale Courses)

= = = 外部链接 = =  

== 外部链接 ==  

* 共同进化，讲座视频 Stephen c. Stearns (耶鲁大学开放课程)

*[http://www.cosmolearning.com/video-lectures/coevolution-6703/ 共同演化]，讲座视频 Stephen c. Stearns（耶鲁大学开放课程）

{{Evolutionary psychology}}

{{Evolutionary psychology}}