| − | 有效信息是一种因果交互度量,用于衡量子系统 A对子系统 B的全部因果影响,其定义为<ref name="Measuring_information_integration">{{cite journal|author1=Tononi G|author2=Boly M|author3=Massimini M|author4=Edelman D B|title=Measuring information integration|journal=PLOS Computational Biology|year=2016|volume=12|issue=3|page=e1004819|url=https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004819}}</ref>: | + | 有效信息是一种因果交互度量,用于衡量子系统 A对子系统 B的全部因果影响,其定义基于互信息(Mutual Information)概念,但通过引入最大熵扰动来隔离因果效应。具体公式为<ref name="Measuring_information_integration">{{cite journal|author1=Tononi G|author2=Boly M|author3=Massimini M|author4=Edelman D B|title=Measuring information integration|journal=PLOS Computational Biology|year=2016|volume=12|issue=3|page=e1004819|url=https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004819}}</ref>: |