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--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） late summer rains and lack of activity in the spring 翻译为 春季和夏末的降雨情况
--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） late summer rains and lack of activity in the spring 翻译为 春季和夏末的降雨情况
====Organization of life====
====Organization of life 生命的组织====
A broader example of emergent properties in biology is viewed in the [[biological organisation]] of life, ranging from the [[subatomic]] level to the entire [[biosphere]]. For example, individual [[atom]]s can be combined to form [[molecule]]s such as [[polypeptide]] chains, which in turn [[Protein folding|fold]] and refold to form [[protein]]s, which in turn create even more complex structures. These proteins, assuming their functional status from their spatial conformation, interact together and with other molecules to achieve higher biological functions and eventually create an [[organism]]. Another example is how cascade [[phenotype]] reactions, as detailed in [[chaos theory]], arise from individual genes mutating respective positioning.<ref>[[Neil Campbell (scientist)|Campbell]], Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. ''Biology''. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2002.</ref> At the highest level, all the [[biocoenosis|biological communities]] in the world form the biosphere, where its human participants form societies, and the complex interactions of meta-social systems such as the stock market.
A broader example of emergent properties in biology is viewed in the [[biological organisation]] of life, ranging from the [[subatomic]] level to the entire [[biosphere]]. For example, individual [[atom]]s can be combined to form [[molecule]]s such as [[polypeptide]] chains, which in turn [[Protein folding|fold]] and refold to form [[protein]]s, which in turn create even more complex structures. These proteins, assuming their functional status from their spatial conformation, interact together and with other molecules to achieve higher biological functions and eventually create an [[organism]]. Another example is how cascade [[phenotype]] reactions, as detailed in [[chaos theory]], arise from individual genes mutating respective positioning.<ref>[[Neil Campbell (scientist)|Campbell]], Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. ''Biology''. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2002.</ref> At the highest level, all the [[biocoenosis|biological communities]] in the world form the biosphere, where its human participants form societies, and the complex interactions of meta-social systems such as the stock market.
A broader example of emergent properties in biology is viewed in the biological organisation of life, ranging from the subatomic level to the entire biosphere. For example, individual atoms can be combined to form molecules such as polypeptide chains, which in turn fold and refold to form proteins, which in turn create even more complex structures. These proteins, assuming their functional status from their spatial conformation, interact together and with other molecules to achieve higher biological functions and eventually create an organism. Another example is how cascade phenotype reactions, as detailed in chaos theory, arise from individual genes mutating respective positioning. At the highest level, all the biological communities in the world form the biosphere, where its human participants form societies, and the complex interactions of meta-social systems such as the stock market.
A broader example of emergent properties in biology is viewed in the biological organisation of life, ranging from the subatomic level to the entire biosphere. For example, individual atoms can be combined to form molecules such as polypeptide chains, which in turn fold and refold to form proteins, which in turn create even more complex structures. These proteins, assuming their functional status from their spatial conformation, interact together and with other molecules to achieve higher biological functions and eventually create an organism. Another example is how cascade phenotype reactions, as detailed in chaos theory, arise from individual genes mutating respective positioning. At the highest level, all the biological communities in the world form the biosphere, where its human participants form societies, and the complex interactions of meta-social systems such as the stock market.
从生命的生物组织，从亚原子水平到整个生物圈，我们可以看到生物突现特性的一个更广泛的例子。例如，单个原子可以结合形成多肽链之类的分子，多肽链再折叠形成蛋白质，而蛋白质又形成更复杂的结构。这些蛋白质，从它们的空间构象中获得它们的功能状态，并与其他分子相互作用，实现更高的生物功能，最终创造出一个生物体。另一个例子是'''级联表型反应 Cascade Phenotype Reactions'''，如混沌理论中详细描述的，级联表型反应产生于个体基因在特定位置的变异。在最高层次上，世界上所有的生物群落形成了生物圈，其中，人类形成了人类社会，并形成了诸如股票市场等元社会系统的复杂相互作用。
====Emergence of mind====
====Emergence of mind====