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→In religion, art and humanities
In religion, emergence grounds expressions of religious naturalism and syntheism in which a sense of the sacred is perceived in the workings of entirely naturalistic processes by which more complex forms arise or evolve from simpler forms. Examples are detailed in The Sacred Emergence of Nature by Ursula Goodenough & Terrence Deacon and [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman06/kauffman06_index.html Beyond Reductionism: Reinventing the Sacred] by Stuart Kauffman, both from 2006, and in Syntheism – Creating God in The Internet Age by Alexander Bard & Jan Söderqvist from 2014. An early argument (1904–05) for the emergence of social formations, in part stemming from religion, can be found in Max Weber's most famous work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Recently, the emergence of a new social system is linked with the emergence of order from nonlinear relationships among multiple interacting units, where multiple interacting units are individual thoughts, consciousness, and actions.
In religion, emergence grounds expressions of religious naturalism and syntheism in which a sense of the sacred is perceived in the workings of entirely naturalistic processes by which more complex forms arise or evolve from simpler forms. Examples are detailed in The Sacred Emergence of Nature by Ursula Goodenough & Terrence Deacon and [http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman06/kauffman06_index.html Beyond Reductionism: Reinventing the Sacred] by Stuart Kauffman, both from 2006, and in Syntheism – Creating God in The Internet Age by Alexander Bard & Jan Söderqvist from 2014. An early argument (1904–05) for the emergence of social formations, in part stemming from religion, can be found in Max Weber's most famous work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Recently, the emergence of a new social system is linked with the emergence of order from nonlinear relationships among multiple interacting units, where multiple interacting units are individual thoughts, consciousness, and actions.
在宗教中，涌现是宗教自然主义和综合主义的表现形式，给人一种神圣的感觉，通常认为在完全自然主义的过程中，复杂形式是从更简单形式中产生或演化出来的。例如，2006年出版的 Ursula Goodenough 和 Terrence Deacon的《[https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bio_facpubs/67/ 自然的神圣涌现]》和 Stuart Kauffman的《[http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman06/kauffman06_index.html] 超越还原论的:重塑神圣]》，以及2014年出版的Alexander Bard和Jan Söderqvist的《综合主义: 在互联网时代创造上帝》，这个也被拍成电影：Futurica Trilogy 未来三部曲。关于社会形态出现的早期论证(1904-05)，部分源于宗教，可以在 Max Weber最著名的作品《新教伦理与资本主义精神》找到。最近，一个新的社会系统的出现与多个相互作用的单元之间的非线性关系的秩序的出现联系在一起，其中多个相互作用的单元是个人的思想、意识和行动。
在宗教中，涌现是宗教自然主义和综合主义的表现形式，给人一种神圣的感觉，通常认为在完全自然主义的过程中，复杂形式是从更简单形式中产生或演化出来的。例如，2006年出版的 Ursula Goodenough 和 Terrence Deacon的《[https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/bio_facpubs/67/ 自然的神圣涌现]》和 Stuart Kauffman的《[http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/kauffman06/kauffman06_index.html] 超越还原论的:重塑神圣]》，以及2014年出版的Alexander Bard和Jan Söderqvist的《综合主义: 在互联网时代创造上帝》，这个也被拍成电影：Futurica Trilogy 未来三部曲。关于社会形态出现的早期论证(1904-05)，部分源于宗教，可以在 Max Weber最著名的作品《新教伦理与资本主义精神》找到。到近代以来，一个新的社会系统的涌现和多个相互作用的单元之间的非线性关系所导致的秩序的涌现是联系在一起的，其中多个相互作用的单元可以是个人的思想、意识和行动。
In art, emergence is used to explore the origins of novelty, creativity, and authorship. Some art/literary theorists (Wheeler, 2006; Alexander, 2011) have proposed alternatives to postmodern understandings of "authorship" using the complexity sciences and emergence theory. They contend that artistic selfhood and meaning are emergent, relatively objective phenomena. Michael J. Pearce has used emergence to describe the experience of works of art in relation to contemporary neuroscience. Practicing artist Leonel Moura, in turn, attributes to his "artbots" a real, if nonetheless rudimentary, creativity based on emergent principles. In literature and linguistics, the concept of emergence has been applied in the domain of stylometry to explain the interrelation between the syntactical structures of the text and the author style (Slautina, Marusenko, 2014).
In art, emergence is used to explore the origins of novelty, creativity, and authorship. Some art/literary theorists (Wheeler, 2006; Alexander, 2011) have proposed alternatives to postmodern understandings of "authorship" using the complexity sciences and emergence theory. They contend that artistic selfhood and meaning are emergent, relatively objective phenomena. Michael J. Pearce has used emergence to describe the experience of works of art in relation to contemporary neuroscience. Practicing artist Leonel Moura, in turn, attributes to his "artbots" a real, if nonetheless rudimentary, creativity based on emergent principles. In literature and linguistics, the concept of emergence has been applied in the domain of stylometry to explain the interrelation between the syntactical structures of the text and the author style (Slautina, Marusenko, 2014).
在艺术中，涌现被用来探索创新、创造和作者身份的起源。一些艺术 / 文学理论家(Wheeler，2006; Alexande，2011)利用复杂性科学和涌现理论提出了替代后现代理解的“作者身份”。他们认为艺术的自我和意义是涌现的、相对客观的现象。Michael J. Pearce用涌现现象来描述与当代神经科学相关艺术作品的经验。实践艺术家Leonel Moura则认为他的“机器人艺术”具有真正的创造力，尽管这种创造力还很初级，这种创造力基于涌现原理。在文学和语言学中，涌现的概念被应用于文体学领域，以解释文本的句法结构和作者风格之间的相互关系(Slautina，Marusenko，2014)。
In postcolonial studies, the term "Emerging Literature" refers to a contemporary body of texts that is gaining momentum in the global literary landscape (v. esp.: J.M. Grassin, ed. Emerging Literatures, Bern, Berlin, etc. : Peter Lang, 1996). By opposition, "emergent literature" is rather a concept used in the theory of literature.
In postcolonial studies, the term "Emerging Literature" refers to a contemporary body of texts that is gaining momentum in the global literary landscape (v. esp.: J.M. Grassin, ed. Emerging Literatures, Bern, Berlin, etc. : Peter Lang, 1996). By opposition, "emergent literature" is rather a concept used in the theory of literature.
在20世纪90年代后殖民主义理论，“新兴文学”一词指的是在全球文学景观中获得势头的当代文本主体。（v. esp.: J.M. Grassin, ed. Emerging Literatures, Bern, Berlin, etc. : Peter Lang, 1996）。从反面看，“涌现文学”更像是文学理论中使用的一个概念。
==涌现的特性和过程 思无涯领啦==
==涌现的特性和过程 思无涯领啦==