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The formation of complex symmetrical and [[fractal patterns in snowflakes exemplifies emergence in a physical system.]]

The formation of complex symmetrical and [[fractal patterns in snowflakes exemplifies emergence in a physical system.]]

复杂对称和[雪花中的分形图案说明了物理系统的出现]的形成

复杂对称和[科赫雪花中的分形图案说明了物理系统的出现]的形成

[[File:Termite Cathedral DSC03570.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.10|A [[termite]] "cathedral" mound produced by a [[termites|termite colony]] offers a classic example of emergence in [[nature]]]]

[[File:Termite Cathedral DSC03570.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.10|A [[termite]] "cathedral" mound produced by a [[termites|termite colony]] offers a classic example of emergence in [[nature]]]]

A [[termite "cathedral" mound produced by a termite colony offers a classic example of emergence in nature]]

A [[termite "cathedral" mound produced by a termite colony offers a classic example of emergence in nature]]

一个[白蚁聚居地制造的白蚁“大教堂”土墩提供了一个自然界出现的经典例子]

一个[白蚁聚居地制造的白蚁“大教堂”高地提供了一个自然界出现的经典例子]

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry, and psychological phenomena emerge from the neurobiological phenomena of living things.

Emergence plays a central role in theories of integrative levels and of complex systems. For instance, the phenomenon of life as studied in biology is an emergent property of chemistry, and psychological phenomena emerge from the neurobiological phenomena of living things.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism. Almost all accounts of emergentism include a form of epistemic or ontological irreducibility to the lower levels.

In philosophy, theories that emphasize emergent properties have been called emergentism. Almost all accounts of emergentism include a form of epistemic or ontological irreducibility to the lower levels.