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| − | 此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。
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| − | {{sociology}}<onlyinclude><!--
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| − | '''Computational sociology''' is a branch of [[sociology]] that uses computationally intensive methods to analyze and model social phenomena. Using [[computer simulation]]s, [[artificial intelligence]], complex statistical methods, and analytic approaches like [[social network analysis]], computational sociology develops and tests theories of complex social processes through bottom-up modeling of social interactions.<ref name="MW">{{cite journal|doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141117|title=From Factors to Actors: Computational Sociology and Agent-Based Modeling |first1=Michael W. |last1=Macy |first2=Robert |last2=Willer |journal=Annual Review of Sociology |volume=28 |pages=143–166 |jstor=3069238|year=2002}}</ref>
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| − | Computational sociology is a branch of sociology that uses computationally intensive methods to analyze and model social phenomena. Using computer simulations, artificial intelligence, complex statistical methods, and analytic approaches like social network analysis, computational sociology develops and tests theories of complex social processes through bottom-up modeling of social interactions.
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| | '''计算社会学 Computational Sociology''' 是社会学的一个分支，它使用计算密集型方法来分析和模拟社会现象。借助计算机模拟、人工智能、复杂统计方法以及社会网络分析等分析方法，计算社会学通过自下而上地建立社会互动模型来发展和检验关于复杂社会过程的理论。 | | '''计算社会学 Computational Sociology''' 是社会学的一个分支，它使用计算密集型方法来分析和模拟社会现象。借助计算机模拟、人工智能、复杂统计方法以及社会网络分析等分析方法，计算社会学通过自下而上地建立社会互动模型来发展和检验关于复杂社会过程的理论。 |
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| − | | + | 它涉及理解社会行为主体和它们的相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何影响社会总体。<ref name="SfSS1">{{cite book|last1=Gilbert |first1=Nigel |last2=Troitzsch |first2=Klaus |year=2005 |title=Simulation for Social Scientists |edition=2 |chapter=Simulation and social science |publisher=Open University Press |chapter-url=http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/s4ss/}}</ref> 虽然社会科学的主题和方法不同于自然科学或计算机科学，但当代社会仿真模拟中使用的一些方法起源于物理学和人工智能等领域。<ref name="Artificial Societies">{{cite book|last1=Epstein |first1=Joshua M. |last2=Axtell |first2=Robert |year=1996 |title=Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up |location=Washington DC |publisher=Brookings Institution Press|url=https://archive.org/details/growingartificia00epst|url-access=registration |isbn=978-0262050531 }}</ref><ref name="Cooperation">{{cite book|last1=Axelrod |first1=Robert |year=1997 |title=The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration |location=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref> 这一领域的一些方法，如来自[[社会网络]]分析和[[网络科学]]领域的[[网络中心性]]度量方法等，早已被引入到自然科学中。 |
| − | It involves the understanding of social agents, the interaction among these agents, and the effect of these interactions on the social aggregate.<ref name="SfSS1">{{cite book|last1=Gilbert |first1=Nigel |last2=Troitzsch |first2=Klaus |year=2005 |title=Simulation for Social Scientists |edition=2 |chapter=Simulation and social science |publisher=Open University Press |chapter-url=http://cress.soc.surrey.ac.uk/s4ss/}}</ref> Although the subject matter and methodologies in [[social science]] differ from those in [[natural science]] or [[computer science]], several of the approaches used in contemporary [[social simulation]] originated from fields such as [[physics]] and [[artificial intelligence]].<ref name="Artificial Societies">{{cite book|last1=Epstein |first1=Joshua M. |last2=Axtell |first2=Robert |year=1996 |title=Growing Artificial Societies: Social Science from the Bottom Up |location=Washington DC |publisher=Brookings Institution Press|url=https://archive.org/details/growingartificia00epst|url-access=registration |isbn=978-0262050531 }}</ref><ref name="Cooperation">{{cite book|last1=Axelrod |first1=Robert |year=1997 |title=The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration |location=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press}}</ref> Some of the approaches that originated in this field have been imported into the natural sciences, such as measures of [[centrality|network centrality]] from the fields of [[social network analysis]] and [[network science]].
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| − | It involves the understanding of social agents, the interaction among these agents, and the effect of these interactions on the social aggregate. Although the subject matter and methodologies in social science differ from those in natural science or computer science, several of the approaches used in contemporary social simulation originated from fields such as physics and artificial intelligence. Some of the approaches that originated in this field have been imported into the natural sciences, such as measures of network centrality from the fields of social network analysis and network science.
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| − | 它涉及理解社会行为主体和它们的相互作用，以及这些相互作用如何影响社会总体。虽然社会科学的主题和方法不同于自然科学或计算机科学，但当代社会仿真模拟中使用的一些方法起源于物理学和人工智能等领域。这一领域的一些方法，如来自社会网络分析和网络科学领域的网络中心性度量方法等，早已被引入到自然科学中。
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| | In relevant literature, computational sociology is often related to the study of social complexity. Social complexity concepts such as complex systems, non-linear interconnection among macro and micro process, and emergence, have entered the vocabulary of computational sociology. A practical and well-known example is the construction of a computational model in the form of an "artificial society", by which researchers can analyze the structure of a social system. | | In relevant literature, computational sociology is often related to the study of social complexity. Social complexity concepts such as complex systems, non-linear interconnection among macro and micro process, and emergence, have entered the vocabulary of computational sociology. A practical and well-known example is the construction of a computational model in the form of an "artificial society", by which researchers can analyze the structure of a social system. |
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| − | 在相关文献中，计算社会学经常与社会复杂性的研究有关。复杂系统、宏观和微观过程之间的非线性关联、涌现等社会复杂性概念已经进入计算社会学的词汇。一个实际而著名的例子是建立“'''人工社会 Artificial Society'''”的计算模型，通过它研究人员可以分析一个社会系统的结构。
| + | 在相关文献中，计算社会学经常与[[社会复杂性]]的研究有关。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Casti |first=J |year=1999 |title=The Computer as Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems |journal=Complexity |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=12–14 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1099-0526(199905/06)4:5<12::AID-CPLX3>3.0.CO;2-4}}</ref> [[复杂系统]]、宏观和微观过程之间的非线性关联、涌现等社会复杂性概念已经进入计算社会学的词汇。<ref>{{cite journal|last=Goldspink |first=C |year=2002 |title=Methodological Implications of Complex Systems Approaches to Sociality: Simulation as a Foundation for Knowledge |url=http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/5/1/3.html |publisher=Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation |volume=5 |issue=1}}</ref> 一个实际而著名的例子是建立“'''人工社会 Artificial Society'''”的计算模型，通过它研究人员可以分析一个社会系统的结构。 <ref name="SfSS1"/><ref name="Generative">{{cite book|last=Epstein |first=Joshua |year=2007 |title=Generative Social Science: Studies in Agent-Based Computational Modeling |location=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton University Press|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283615593}} |
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| | ==历史== | | ==历史== |