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→热力学中的耗散结构 Dissipative structures in thermodynamics
The term dissipative structure was coined by Russian-Belgian physical chemist Ilya Prigogine, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1977 for his pioneering work on these structures. The dissipative structures considered by Prigogine have dynamical regimes that can be regarded as thermodynamic steady states, and sometimes at least can be described by suitable extremal principles in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
The term dissipative structure was coined by Russian-Belgian physical chemist Ilya Prigogine, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1977 for his pioneering work on these structures. The dissipative structures considered by Prigogine have dynamical regimes that can be regarded as thermodynamic steady states, and sometimes at least can be described by suitable extremal principles in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
耗散结构一词是由俄罗斯-比利时的物理化学家''伊利亚·普里高津 Ilya Prigogine''发明的，他因在耗散结构上的开创性工作获得了1977年的诺贝尔化学奖。普里高津Prigogine所考虑的耗散结构具有可视为热力学稳态的'''<font color="#FFD700">动力学性质dynamical regimes</font>'''，有时至少可以用合适的非平衡热力学中的极值定理来描述。
In his Nobel lecture, Prigogine explains how thermodynamic systems far from equilibrium can have drastically different behavior from systems close to equilibrium. Near equilibrium, the local equilibrium hypothesis applies and typical thermodynamic quantities such as free energy and entropy can be defined locally. One can assume linear relations between the (generalized) flux and forces of the system. Two celebrated results from linear thermodynamics are the Onsager reciprocal relations and the principle of minimum entropy production. After efforts to extend such results to systems far from equilibrium, it was found that they do not hold in this regime and opposite results were obtained.
In his Nobel lecture, Prigogine explains how thermodynamic systems far from equilibrium can have drastically different behavior from systems close to equilibrium. Near equilibrium, the local equilibrium hypothesis applies and typical thermodynamic quantities such as free energy and entropy can be defined locally. One can assume linear relations between the (generalized) flux and forces of the system. Two celebrated results from linear thermodynamics are the Onsager reciprocal relations and the principle of minimum entropy production. After efforts to extend such results to systems far from equilibrium, it was found that they do not hold in this regime and opposite results were obtained.
在他的诺贝尔演讲中，普里高津Prigogine解释了为什么远离平衡的热力学系统可以有与接近平衡的系统截然不同的行为。因为在接近平衡时，采用局部平衡假设，可以局部地定义典型的热力学量，如自由能和熵。我们可以假定系统的（广义）通量和力之间是线性关系。线性热力学的两个著名的结果是Onsager互反关系和最小产生熵原理。在努力将这些结果推广到远离平衡的系统之后，发现它们在这个系统中不成立，并且得到了相反的结果。
Recent research has seen reconsideration of Prigogine's ideas of dissipative structures in relation to biological systems.
Recent research has seen reconsideration of Prigogine's ideas of dissipative structures in relation to biological systems.
最近的研究重新考虑了普里高津Prigogine的耗散结构思想与生物系统的关系。
== 控制论中的耗散系统 Dissipative systems in control theory ==
== 控制论中的耗散系统 Dissipative systems in control theory ==