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* 博弈论和经济学中的有界理性[[潜在对策]]。
* 博弈论和经济学中的有界理性[[潜在对策]]。
== History ==
== History 历史==
In 1738, Swiss physicist and mathematician [[Daniel Bernoulli]] published ''Hydrodynamica'' which laid the basis for the [[kinetic theory of gases]]. In this work, Bernoulli posited the argument, still used to this day, that gases consist of great numbers of molecules moving in all directions, that their impact on a surface causes the gas pressure that we feel, and that what we experience as [[heat]] is simply the kinetic energy of their motion.<ref name="uffink"/>
In 1738, Swiss physicist and mathematician [[Daniel Bernoulli]] published ''Hydrodynamica'' which laid the basis for the [[kinetic theory of gases]]. In this work, Bernoulli posited the argument, still used to this day, that gases consist of great numbers of molecules moving in all directions, that their impact on a surface causes the gas pressure that we feel, and that what we experience as [[heat]] is simply the kinetic energy of their motion.<ref name="uffink"/>
In 1738, Swiss physicist and mathematician Daniel Bernoulli published Hydrodynamica which laid the basis for the kinetic theory of gases. In this work, Bernoulli posited the argument, still used to this day, that gases consist of great numbers of molecules moving in all directions, that their impact on a surface causes the gas pressure that we feel, and that what we experience as heat is simply the kinetic energy of their motion.
In 1738, Swiss physicist and mathematician Daniel Bernoulli published Hydrodynamica which laid the basis for the kinetic theory of gases. In this work, Bernoulli posited the argument, still used to this day, that gases consist of great numbers of molecules moving in all directions, that their impact on a surface causes the gas pressure that we feel, and that what we experience as heat is simply the kinetic energy of their motion.
1738年，瑞士的物理学家和数学家丹尼尔·伯努利发表了《水动力学》 ，这本书奠定了分子动力学理论的基础。在这项工作中，伯努利假定气体是由大量向各个方向运动的分子组成的，它们对表面的影响导致了我们感觉到的气体压力，而我们感受到的热仅仅是它们运动的动能，这一点直到今天仍在沿用。
1738年，瑞士的物理学家和数学家丹尼尔·伯努利发表了《水动力学》 ，这本书奠定了<font color="#FF8000">气体动力学理论 kinetic theory of gases</font>的基础。在这项工作中，伯努利假定气体是由大量向各个方向运动的分子组成的，它们对表面的影响导致了我们感觉到的气体压力，而我们感受到的热仅仅是它们运动的动能，这一点直到今天仍在沿用。
Statistical mechanics proper was initiated in the 1870s with the work of Boltzmann, much of which was collectively published in his 1896 Lectures on Gas Theory. Boltzmann's original papers on the statistical interpretation of thermodynamics, the H-theorem, transport theory, thermal equilibrium, the equation of state of gases, and similar subjects, occupy about 2,000 pages in the proceedings of the Vienna Academy and other societies. Boltzmann introduced the concept of an equilibrium statistical ensemble and also investigated for the first time non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, with his H-theorem.
Statistical mechanics proper was initiated in the 1870s with the work of Boltzmann, much of which was collectively published in his 1896 Lectures on Gas Theory. Boltzmann's original papers on the statistical interpretation of thermodynamics, the H-theorem, transport theory, thermal equilibrium, the equation of state of gases, and similar subjects, occupy about 2,000 pages in the proceedings of the Vienna Academy and other societies. Boltzmann introduced the concept of an equilibrium statistical ensemble and also investigated for the first time non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, with his H-theorem.
统计力学是19世纪70年代由玻尔兹曼的工作创立的，其中大部分在他1896年的气体理论演讲中集结出版。在维也纳学院和其他学会的会议记录中，玻尔兹曼关于热力学的统计解释、 H-定理、传输理论、热平衡、气体的状态方程以及类似主题的原始论文占据了大约2000页。玻尔兹曼引入了平衡系综的概念，并用他的H-定理第一次研究了非平衡态统计力学。
统计力学是19世纪70年代由玻尔兹曼的工作创立的，其中大部分在他1896年的气体理论演讲中集结出版。在维也纳学院和其他学会的会议记录中，玻尔兹曼关于热力学的统计解释、 <font color="#FF8000">H-定理H-theorem</font>、<font color="#FF8000">输运理论 transport theory</font>、<font color="#FF8000">热平衡thermal equilibrium</font>、气体的状态方程以及类似主题的原始论文占据了大约2000页。玻尔兹曼引入了平衡系综的概念，并用他的H-定理第一次研究了非平衡态统计力学。