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There is some evidence that optimal working memory performance links to the neural ability to focus attention on task-relevant information and to ignore distractions, and that practice-related improvement in working memory is due to increasing these abilities. One line of research suggests a link between the working memory capacities of a person and their ability to control the orientation of attention to stimuli in the environment. Such control enables people to attend to information important for their current goals, and to ignore goal-irrelevant stimuli that tend to capture their attention due to their sensory saliency (such as an ambulance siren). The direction of attention according to one's goals is assumed to rely on "top-down" signals from the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) that biases processing in posterior cortical areas. Capture of attention by salient stimuli is assumed to be driven by "bottom-up" signals from subcortical structures and the primary sensory cortices. The ability to override "bottom-up" capture of attention differs between individuals, and this difference has been found to correlate with their performance in a working-memory test for visual information.

There is some evidence that optimal working memory performance links to the neural ability to focus attention on task-relevant information and to ignore distractions, and that practice-related improvement in working memory is due to increasing these abilities. One line of research suggests a link between the working memory capacities of a person and their ability to control the orientation of attention to stimuli in the environment. Such control enables people to attend to information important for their current goals, and to ignore goal-irrelevant stimuli that tend to capture their attention due to their sensory saliency (such as an ambulance siren). The direction of attention according to one's goals is assumed to rely on "top-down" signals from the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) that biases processing in posterior cortical areas. Capture of attention by salient stimuli is assumed to be driven by "bottom-up" signals from subcortical structures and the primary sensory cortices. The ability to override "bottom-up" capture of attention differs between individuals, and this difference has been found to correlate with their performance in a working-memory test for visual information.

有证据表明，最佳的工作记忆表现与集中注意力于任务相关信息和忽略干扰的神经能力有关，而与练习相关的工作记忆的改善是由于这些能力的增强。一项研究表明，一个人的工作记忆能力和他们对环境刺激的注意力方向的控制能力之间存在联系。这种控制使人们能够注意到对他们当前目标重要的信息，并且忽略与目标无关的刺激，这些刺激由于其感官显著性(如救护车警报器)而倾向于吸引他们的注意力。根据一个人的目标，注意力的方向被认为是依赖于来自前额叶皮质(PFC)的“自上而下”的信号，这种信号偏向于后皮质区的处理过程。通过显著刺激获取注意力被认为是由来自皮层下结构和初级感觉皮层的“自下而上”的信号驱动的。不同个体对注意力“自下而上”捕获的覆盖能力不同，这种差异被发现与他们在视觉信息工作记忆测试中的表现有关。

有证据表明，较佳的工作记忆表现与集中注意力于任务相关信息并忽略干扰的神经能力有关，也就是说因练习而来的工作记忆改善实际上是上述能力改善的结果。一项研究表明，工作记忆能力和人对环境刺激的注意力方向的控制能力之间存在联系。这种控制让人得以关注对其当前目标重要的信息，忽略与目标无关的刺激，这些刺激由于其感官显著性（如救护车警报器）而倾向于吸引注意力。基于个体目标的注意力方向依赖于前额叶皮质(PFC)“自上而下”的信号，这种信号偏向于后皮质区的处理过程。显著刺激而获取的注意力受由皮层下结构和初级感觉皮层的“自下而上”的信号所驱动。

 

 

== 与神经系统疾病的关系 Relationship with neural disorders ==

== 与神经系统疾病的关系 Relationship with neural disorders ==