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2020年8月30日 (日) 16:38的版本

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→‎Analytical activities of data users
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当分析师试图确定自变量 X 在多大程度上允许变量 Y 的出现时，可以使用 https://www.erim.eur.nl/centres/Necessary-condition-analysis/ '''<font color='#ff8000'>必要条件分析Necessary condition analysis(NCA)</font>'''（例如，“某个失业率(X)在多大程度上对某个通货膨胀率(Y)是必要的? ”）。 （多重）回归分析分析使用'''<font color='#ff8000'>加法逻辑additive logic</font>'''，其中每个 X 变量可以产生结果，X 之间可以相互补偿（这些X都是充分的，但不是必要的） ，然而必要条件分析使用'''<font color='#ff8000'>必要逻辑necessity logic</font>'''，其中一个或多个 X 变量允许结果的存在，但也可能不产生这个结果（它们是必要的，但不是充分的）。每个单一的必要条件都必须存在，变量之间不允许补偿。
 
当分析师试图确定自变量 X 在多大程度上允许变量 Y 的出现时，可以使用 https://www.erim.eur.nl/centres/Necessary-condition-analysis/ '''<font color='#ff8000'>必要条件分析Necessary condition analysis(NCA)</font>'''（例如，“某个失业率(X)在多大程度上对某个通货膨胀率(Y)是必要的? ”）。 （多重）回归分析分析使用'''<font color='#ff8000'>加法逻辑additive logic</font>'''，其中每个 X 变量可以产生结果，X 之间可以相互补偿（这些X都是充分的，但不是必要的） ，然而必要条件分析使用'''<font color='#ff8000'>必要逻辑necessity logic</font>'''，其中一个或多个 X 变量允许结果的存在，但也可能不产生这个结果（它们是必要的，但不是充分的）。每个单一的必要条件都必须存在，变量之间不允许补偿。
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==Analytical activities of data users==
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==Analytical activities of data users 数据用户的分析活动==
    
Users may have particular data points of interest within a data set, as opposed to general messaging outlined above. Such low-level user analytic activities are presented in the following table. The taxonomy can also be organized by three poles of activities: retrieving values, finding data points, and arranging data points.<ref>Robert Amar, James Eagan, and John Stasko (2005) [http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~stasko/papers/infovis05.pdf "Low-Level Components of Analytic Activity in Information Visualization"]</ref><ref>William Newman (1994) [http://www.mdnpress.com/wmn/pdfs/chi94-pro-formas-2.pdf "A Preliminary Analysis of the Products of HCI Research, Using Pro Forma Abstracts"]</ref><ref>Mary Shaw (2002) [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~Compose/ftp/shaw-fin-etaps.pdf "What Makes Good Research in Software Engineering?"]</ref><ref name="ConTaaS">{{cite web|title=ConTaaS: An Approach to Internet-Scale Contextualisation for Developing Efficient Internet of Things Applications|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/41879|website=ScholarSpace|publisher=HICSS50|accessdate=May 24, 2017}}</ref>
 
Users may have particular data points of interest within a data set, as opposed to general messaging outlined above. Such low-level user analytic activities are presented in the following table. The taxonomy can also be organized by three poles of activities: retrieving values, finding data points, and arranging data points.<ref>Robert Amar, James Eagan, and John Stasko (2005) [http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~stasko/papers/infovis05.pdf "Low-Level Components of Analytic Activity in Information Visualization"]</ref><ref>William Newman (1994) [http://www.mdnpress.com/wmn/pdfs/chi94-pro-formas-2.pdf "A Preliminary Analysis of the Products of HCI Research, Using Pro Forma Abstracts"]</ref><ref>Mary Shaw (2002) [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~Compose/ftp/shaw-fin-etaps.pdf "What Makes Good Research in Software Engineering?"]</ref><ref name="ConTaaS">{{cite web|title=ConTaaS: An Approach to Internet-Scale Contextualisation for Developing Efficient Internet of Things Applications|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/41879|website=ScholarSpace|publisher=HICSS50|accessdate=May 24, 2017}}</ref>
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Users may have particular data points of interest within a data set, as opposed to general messaging outlined above. Such low-level user analytic activities are presented in the following table. The taxonomy can also be organized by three poles of activities: retrieving values, finding data points, and arranging data points.
 
Users may have particular data points of interest within a data set, as opposed to general messaging outlined above. Such low-level user analytic activities are presented in the following table. The taxonomy can also be organized by three poles of activities: retrieving values, finding data points, and arranging data points.
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与上面概述的一般消息传递相反，用户可能对数据集中的特定数据点感兴趣。下表介绍了这种低层次的用户分析活动。分类还可以由三个活动极点组织: 检索值、查找数据点和排列数据点。
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与上面概述的一般的消息传递不同，用户可能对数据集当中的特定数据点感兴趣。下表介绍了这种低层次的用户分析活动。分类可以由活动的三个极来组织: '''<font color='#ff8000'>检索值retrieving values</font>'''、'''<font color='#ff8000'>查找数据点finding data points</font>'''和'''<font color='#ff8000'>排列数据点arranging data points</font>'''。
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! align="center" | # !! width="160" | Task !! General<br />Description !! Pro Forma<br />Abstract !! width="35%" | Examples
 
! align="center" | # !! width="160" | Task !! General<br />Description !! Pro Forma<br />Abstract !! width="35%" | Examples
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!对齐“中心” ！宽度160 | 任务! ！一般介绍！形式 / 摘要！宽度“35% ” | 例子
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!align="center" | # !! width="160" | Task !! General<br />Description !! Pro Forma<br />Abstract !! width="35%" | Examples
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 1
 
| align="center" | 1
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对齐”中心”
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| align="center" | 1
    
| '''Retrieve Value'''
 
| '''Retrieve Value'''
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| Retrieve Value
 
| Retrieve Value
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| 检索价值
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| '''<font color='#ff8000'>检索值Retrieve Value</font>'''
    
| Given a set of specific cases, find attributes of those cases.
 
| Given a set of specific cases, find attributes of those cases.
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| Given a set of specific cases, find attributes of those cases.
 
| Given a set of specific cases, find attributes of those cases.
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给定一组特定的案例，找出这些案例的属性。
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| 给定特定的一组案例，找出这些案例的属性。
    
| What are the values of attributes {X, Y, Z, ...} in the data cases {A, B, C, ...}?
 
| What are the values of attributes {X, Y, Z, ...} in the data cases {A, B, C, ...}?
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| What are the values of attributes {X, Y, Z, ...} in the data cases {A, B, C, ...}?
 
| What are the values of attributes {X, Y, Z, ...} in the data cases {A, B, C, ...}?
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| 数据案例{ a，b，c，... }中属性{ x，y，z，... }的值是什么？
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| 数据案例{A, B, C, ... }中属性{ X, Y, Z, ... }的值是什么？
    
| ''- What is the mileage per gallon of the Ford Mondeo?''
 
| ''- What is the mileage per gallon of the Ford Mondeo?''
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| - What is the mileage per gallon of the Ford Mondeo?
 
| - What is the mileage per gallon of the Ford Mondeo?
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|-福特蒙迪欧每加仑汽油行驶里程是多少？
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| “-每加仑汽油在福特Mondeo车上的行驶里程是多少？”
    
''- How long is the movie Gone with the Wind?''
 
''- How long is the movie Gone with the Wind?''
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- How long is the movie Gone with the Wind?
 
- How long is the movie Gone with the Wind?
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电影《乱世佳人》有多长？
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“-电影《乱世佳人》有多长？”
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 2
 
| align="center" | 2
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对齐“ center” | 2
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| align="center" | 2
    
| ''' Filter'''
 
| ''' Filter'''
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|  Filter
 
|  Filter
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滤镜
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|  '''<font color='#ff8000'>过滤Filter </font>'''
    
| Given some concrete conditions on attribute values, find data cases satisfying those conditions.
 
| Given some concrete conditions on attribute values, find data cases satisfying those conditions.
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| Given some concrete conditions on attribute values, find data cases satisfying those conditions.
 
| Given some concrete conditions on attribute values, find data cases satisfying those conditions.
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给定属性值的一些具体条件，找出满足这些条件的数据案例。
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| 给定属性值的一些具体条件，找出满足这些条件的数据案例。
    
| Which data cases satisfy conditions {A, B, C...}?
 
| Which data cases satisfy conditions {A, B, C...}?
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| Which data cases satisfy conditions {A, B, C...}?
 
| Which data cases satisfy conditions {A, B, C...}?
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| 哪些数据案例满足条件{ a，b，c. . . } ？
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| 哪些数据案例满足条件{A, B, C... } ？
    
| ''- What Kellogg's cereals have high fiber?''
 
| ''- What Kellogg's cereals have high fiber?''
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| - What Kellogg's cereals have high fiber?
 
| - What Kellogg's cereals have high fiber?
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|-什么家乐氏麦片含有高纤维？
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|-“什么家乐氏麦片含有高纤维？（注：Kellogg‘s （家乐氏） 公司为全球知名谷物早餐和零食制造商。）”
    
''- What comedies have won awards?''
 
''- What comedies have won awards?''
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- What comedies have won awards?
 
- What comedies have won awards?
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- 哪些喜剧获奖？
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- “哪些喜剧获了奖？”
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- Which funds underperformed the SP-500?
 
- Which funds underperformed the SP-500?
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哪些基金表现不如 SP-500？
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“-哪些基金的表现不如 SP-500？”
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 3
 
| align="center" | 3
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对齐中心
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| align="center" | 3
    
| '''Compute Derived Value'''
 
| '''Compute Derived Value'''
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| Compute Derived Value
 
| Compute Derived Value
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| 计算派生值
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| '''<font color='#ff8000'>计算派生值Compute Derived Value</font>'''
    
| Given a set of data cases, compute an aggregate numeric representation of those data cases.
 
| Given a set of data cases, compute an aggregate numeric representation of those data cases.
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| Given a set of data cases, compute an aggregate numeric representation of those data cases.
 
| Given a set of data cases, compute an aggregate numeric representation of those data cases.
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| 给定一组数据用例，计算这些数据用例的聚合数值表示形式。
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| 给定一组数据案例，计算这些数据案例以聚合形式表示的数值。
    
| What is the value of aggregation function F over a given set S of data cases?
 
| What is the value of aggregation function F over a given set S of data cases?
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| What is the value of aggregation function F over a given set S of data cases?
 
| What is the value of aggregation function F over a given set S of data cases?
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| 聚合函数 f 在给定数据集 s 上的值是多少？
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| '''<font color='#ff8000'>聚合函数aggregation function </font>'''F 在给定数据集 S 上的值是多少？
    
| ''- What is the average calorie content of Post cereals?''
 
| ''- What is the average calorie content of Post cereals?''
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| - What is the average calorie content of Post cereals?
 
| - What is the average calorie content of Post cereals?
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波斯特谷物的平均热量是多少？
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| “-'''<font color='#ff8000'>波斯特谷物Post cereals</font>'''的平均热量是多少？”
    
''- What is the gross income of all stores combined?''
 
''- What is the gross income of all stores combined?''
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- What is the gross income of all stores combined?
 
- What is the gross income of all stores combined?
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所有商店的总收入是多少？
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“-所有商店的总收入是多少？”
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- How many manufacturers of cars are there?
 
- How many manufacturers of cars are there?
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有多少汽车制造商？
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“-有多少汽车制造商？”
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 4
 
| align="center" | 4
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对齐”中心”
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| align="center" | 4
    
| '''Find Extremum'''
 
| '''Find Extremum'''
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| Find Extremum
 
| Find Extremum
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| 寻找极端情况
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| '''<font color='#ff8000'>寻找极值Find Extremum</font>'''
    
| Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
 
| Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
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| Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
 
| Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
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| 查找数据集中具有属性在其范围内的极值的数据案例。
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| 查找数据集中在某属性的某范围内具有极端取值的数据案例。
    
| What are the top/bottom N data cases with respect to attribute A?
 
| What are the top/bottom N data cases with respect to attribute A?
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| What are the top/bottom N data cases with respect to attribute A?
 
| What are the top/bottom N data cases with respect to attribute A?
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| 关于属性 a 的顶部 / 底部 n 个数据用例是什么？
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| 属性 A 的顶部或底部的 N 个数据案例是什么？
 +
 
    
| ''- What is the car with the highest MPG?''
 
| ''- What is the car with the highest MPG?''
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| - What is the car with the highest MPG?
 
| - What is the car with the highest MPG?
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什么是最高 MPG 的汽车？
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|“- 有最高 MPG 的汽车是什么？”
    
''- What director/film has won the most awards?''
 
''- What director/film has won the most awards?''
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- What director/film has won the most awards?
 
- What director/film has won the most awards?
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- 哪部导演 / 电影获奖最多？
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“- 哪个导演/哪部电影获奖最多？”
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- What Marvel Studios film has the most recent release date?
 
- What Marvel Studios film has the most recent release date?
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- 漫威电影公司的哪部电影最近上映日期？
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“- 哪部漫威电影公司的电影具有最近上映的日期？”
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 5
 
| align="center" | 5
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对齐”中心”
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| align="center" | 5
    
| '''Sort'''
 
| '''Sort'''
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| Sort
 
| Sort
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| 排序
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| '''<font color='#ff8000'>排序Sort</font>'''
    
| Given a set of data cases, rank them according to some ordinal metric.
 
| Given a set of data cases, rank them according to some ordinal metric.
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| Given a set of data cases, rank them according to some ordinal metric.
 
| Given a set of data cases, rank them according to some ordinal metric.
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给定一组数据案例，根据某种序数度量对它们进行排序。
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| 给定一组数据案例，根据某种顺序度量对它们进行排序。
    
| What is the sorted order of a set S of data cases according to their value of attribute A?
 
| What is the sorted order of a set S of data cases according to their value of attribute A?
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| What is the sorted order of a set S of data cases according to their value of attribute A?
 
| What is the sorted order of a set S of data cases according to their value of attribute A?
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| 根据属性 a 的值，一组数据案例的排序顺序是什么？
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| 根据属性 A 的值，一组数据案例 S 怎样排序？
    
| ''- Order the cars by weight.''
 
| ''- Order the cars by weight.''
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| - Order the cars by weight.
 
| - Order the cars by weight.
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|-按重量订购汽车。
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| “-按重量给汽车排序。”
    
''- Rank the cereals by calories.''
 
''- Rank the cereals by calories.''
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- Rank the cereals by calories.
 
- Rank the cereals by calories.
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- 按卡路里排列谷物。
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“- 按卡路里排列谷物。”
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 6
 
| align="center" | 6
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对齐”中心”
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| align="center" | 6
    
| '''Determine Range'''
 
| '''Determine Range'''
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| Determine Range
 
| Determine Range
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| 确定范围
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| '''<font color='#ff8000'>确定范围Determine Range</font>'''
    
| Given a set of data cases and an attribute of interest, find the span of values within the set.
 
| Given a set of data cases and an attribute of interest, find the span of values within the set.
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| Given a set of data cases and an attribute of interest, find the span of values within the set.
 
| Given a set of data cases and an attribute of interest, find the span of values within the set.
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| 给定一组数据用例和一个感兴趣的属性，查找该组中的值的范围。
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| 给定一组数据案例和一个感兴趣的属性，查找该组中的值的范围。
    
| What is the range of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
 
| What is the range of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| What is the range of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
 
| What is the range of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| 在一组数据案例中，属性 a 的值范围是多少？
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| 在一组数据案例 S 中，属性 A 的值范围是多少？
    
| ''- What is the range of film lengths?''
 
| ''- What is the range of film lengths?''
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| - What is the range of film lengths?
 
| - What is the range of film lengths?
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|-胶卷的长度范围是多少？
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| “-胶卷的长度范围是多少？”
    
''- What is the range of car horsepowers?''
 
''- What is the range of car horsepowers?''
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- What is the range of car horsepowers?
 
- What is the range of car horsepowers?
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汽车的马力范围是多少？
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“-汽车的马力范围是多少？”
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- What actresses are in the data set?
 
- What actresses are in the data set?
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数据库里有哪些女演员？
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“-数据库里有哪些女演员？”
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 7
 
| align="center" | 7
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对齐”中心”
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| align="center" | 7
    
| '''Characterize Distribution'''
 
| '''Characterize Distribution'''
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| Characterize Distribution
 
| Characterize Distribution
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| 特征分布
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| '''<font color='#ff8000'>特征分布Characterize Distribution</font>'''
    
| Given a set of data cases and a quantitative attribute of interest, characterize the distribution of that attribute's values over the set.
 
| Given a set of data cases and a quantitative attribute of interest, characterize the distribution of that attribute's values over the set.
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| Given a set of data cases and a quantitative attribute of interest, characterize the distribution of that attribute's values over the set.
 
| Given a set of data cases and a quantitative attribute of interest, characterize the distribution of that attribute's values over the set.
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| 给定一组数据用例和一个感兴趣的数量属性，刻画该属性值在该集上的分布情况。
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| 给定一组数据案例和一个感兴趣的定量属性，刻画该属性值在该集上的分布情况。
    
| What is the distribution of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
 
| What is the distribution of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| What is the distribution of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
 
| What is the distribution of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
   −
| 属性 a 的值在一组数据案例中的分布情况如何？
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| 属性 A 的值在一组数据案例 S 中的分布情况如何？
    
| ''- What is the distribution of carbohydrates in cereals?''
 
| ''- What is the distribution of carbohydrates in cereals?''
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| - What is the distribution of carbohydrates in cereals?
 
| - What is the distribution of carbohydrates in cereals?
   −
|-谷物中碳水化合物的分布情况如何？
+
|“-谷物中碳水化合物的分布情况如何？”
    
''- What is the age distribution of shoppers?''
 
''- What is the age distribution of shoppers?''
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- What is the age distribution of shoppers?
 
- What is the age distribution of shoppers?
   −
购物者的年龄分布情况如何？
+
“-购物者的年龄分布情况如何？”
    
|-
 
|-
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| align="center" | 8
 
| align="center" | 8
   −
对齐“ center” | 8
+
| align="center" | 8
    
| '''Find Anomalies'''
 
| '''Find Anomalies'''
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| Find Anomalies
 
| Find Anomalies
   −
寻找异常点
+
| '''<font color='#ff8000'>寻找异常值Find Anomalies</font>'''
    
| Identify any anomalies within a given set of data cases with respect to a given relationship or expectation, e.g. statistical outliers.
 
| Identify any anomalies within a given set of data cases with respect to a given relationship or expectation, e.g. statistical outliers.
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| Identify any anomalies within a given set of data cases with respect to a given relationship or expectation, e.g. statistical outliers.
 
| Identify any anomalies within a given set of data cases with respect to a given relationship or expectation, e.g. statistical outliers.
   −
识别给定数据集中与给定关系或期望有关的任何异常，例如:。统计异常值。
+
| 识别给定数据集中与给定关系或期望有关的任何异常值，例如统计异常值。
    
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases have unexpected/exceptional values?
 
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases have unexpected/exceptional values?
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| Which data cases in a set S of data cases have unexpected/exceptional values?
 
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases have unexpected/exceptional values?
   −
| 在一组数据情况中，哪些数据情况具有意外 / 异常值？
+
| 在一组数据案例中，哪些数据案例具有意外的或异常的取值？
    
| ''- Are there exceptions to the relationship between horsepower and acceleration?''
 
| ''- Are there exceptions to the relationship between horsepower and acceleration?''
第768行： 第771行：  
| - Are there exceptions to the relationship between horsepower and acceleration?
 
| - Are there exceptions to the relationship between horsepower and acceleration?
   −
|-马力和加速度之间的关系有例外吗？
+
|“-马力和加速度之间的关系有例外吗？”
    
''- Are there any outliers in protein?''
 
''- Are there any outliers in protein?''
第774行： 第777行：  
- Are there any outliers in protein?
 
- Are there any outliers in protein?
   −
蛋白质中是否有异常值？
+
“-蛋白质是否有异常值？”
    
|-
 
|-
第786行： 第789行：  
| align="center" | 9
 
| align="center" | 9
   −
对齐”中心”
+
| align="center" | 9
    
| '''Cluster'''
 
| '''Cluster'''
第792行： 第795行：  
| Cluster
 
| Cluster
   −
| Cluster
+
| '''<font color='#ff8000'>Cluster 集群<font>'''
    
| Given a set of data cases, find clusters of similar attribute values.
 
| Given a set of data cases, find clusters of similar attribute values.
第798行： 第801行：  
| Given a set of data cases, find clusters of similar attribute values.
 
| Given a set of data cases, find clusters of similar attribute values.
   −
| 给定一组数据用例，找出相似属性值的集群。
+
| 给定一组数据案例，找出相似属性值的集群。
    
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are similar in value for attributes {X, Y, Z, ...}?
 
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are similar in value for attributes {X, Y, Z, ...}?
第804行： 第807行：  
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are similar in value for attributes {X, Y, Z, ...}?
 
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are similar in value for attributes {X, Y, Z, ...}?
   −
| 一组数据用例中的哪些数据用例在属性{ x，y，z，... }的值上相似？
+
| 一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例在属性{ X, Y, Z, ... }的值上相似？
    
| ''- Are there groups of cereals w/ similar fat/calories/sugar?''
 
| ''- Are there groups of cereals w/ similar fat/calories/sugar?''
第810行： 第813行：  
| - Are there groups of cereals w/ similar fat/calories/sugar?
 
| - Are there groups of cereals w/ similar fat/calories/sugar?
   −
|-有没有类似脂肪 / 卡路里 / 糖的谷类食物？
+
|“-有没有含脂肪 / 卡路里 / 糖类似的谷类食物？”
    
''- Is there a cluster of typical film lengths?''
 
''- Is there a cluster of typical film lengths?''
第816行： 第819行：  
- Is there a cluster of typical film lengths?
 
- Is there a cluster of typical film lengths?
   −
是否有一组典型的胶片长度？
+
“-是否有一组典型的电影长度？”
    
|-
 
|-
第828行： 第831行：  
| align="center" | 10
 
| align="center" | 10
   −
对齐中心
+
| align="center" | 10
    
| '''Correlate'''
 
| '''Correlate'''
第834行： 第837行：  
| Correlate
 
| Correlate
   −
| Correlate
+
| '''<font color='#ff8000'>相关Correlate</font>'''
    
| Given a set of data cases and two attributes, determine useful relationships between the values of those attributes.
 
| Given a set of data cases and two attributes, determine useful relationships between the values of those attributes.
第840行： 第843行：  
| Given a set of data cases and two attributes, determine useful relationships between the values of those attributes.
 
| Given a set of data cases and two attributes, determine useful relationships between the values of those attributes.
   −
| 给定一组数据用例和两个属性，确定这些属性值之间的有用关系。
+
| 给定一组数据案例和两个属性，确定这些属性值之间的有用关系。
    
| What is the correlation between attributes X and Y over a given set S of data cases?
 
| What is the correlation between attributes X and Y over a given set S of data cases?
第846行： 第849行：  
| What is the correlation between attributes X and Y over a given set S of data cases?
 
| What is the correlation between attributes X and Y over a given set S of data cases?
   −
| 在给定的数据案例集 s 中，属性 x 和 y 之间的相关性是什么？
+
| 在给定的数据案例集 S 中，属性 X 和 Y 之间的相关性是什么？
    
| ''- Is there a correlation between carbohydrates and fat?''
 
| ''- Is there a correlation between carbohydrates and fat?''
第852行： 第855行：  
| - Is there a correlation between carbohydrates and fat?
 
| - Is there a correlation between carbohydrates and fat?
   −
|-碳水化合物和脂肪之间有关系吗？
+
|“-碳水化合物和脂肪之间有关系吗？”
    
''- Is there a correlation between country of origin and MPG?''
 
''- Is there a correlation between country of origin and MPG?''
第858行： 第861行：  
- Is there a correlation between country of origin and MPG?
 
- Is there a correlation between country of origin and MPG?
   −
起源国和 MPG 之间有联系吗？
+
“-起源国和 MPG 之间有联系吗？”
      第866行： 第869行：  
- Do different genders have a preferred payment method?
 
- Do different genders have a preferred payment method?
   −
- 不同性别是否有首选的付款方式？
+
“- 不同性别是否倾向不同的付款方式？”
      第874行： 第877行：  
- Is there a trend of increasing film length over the years?
 
- Is there a trend of increasing film length over the years?
   −
- 电影长度是否有逐年增加的趋势？
+
“- 电影长度是否有逐年增加的趋势？”
    
|-
 
|-
第886行： 第889行：  
| align="center" | 11
 
| align="center" | 11
   −
11点，中心对齐
+
| align="center" | 11
    
| ''' [[Contextualization (computer science)|Contextualization]]<ref name="ConTaaS"/>'''
 
| ''' [[Contextualization (computer science)|Contextualization]]<ref name="ConTaaS"/>'''
第892行： 第895行：  
|  Contextualization
 
|  Contextualization
   −
| 语境化
+
| '''<font color='#ff8000'>语境化Contextualization</font>'''
    
| Given a set of data cases, find contextual relevancy of the data to the users.
 
| Given a set of data cases, find contextual relevancy of the data to the users.
第898行： 第901行：  
| Given a set of data cases, find contextual relevancy of the data to the users.
 
| Given a set of data cases, find contextual relevancy of the data to the users.
   −
| 给定一组数据案例，找出数据与用户上下文的相关性。
+
| 给定一组数据案例，找出数据与用户语境化的相关性。
    
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are relevant to the current users' context?
 
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are relevant to the current users' context?
第904行： 第907行：  
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are relevant to the current users' context?
 
| Which data cases in a set S of data cases are relevant to the current users' context?
   −
| 一组数据用例中的哪些数据用例与当前用户的上下文相关？
+
| 一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例与当前用户的语境相关？
    
| ''- Are there groups of restaurants that have foods based on my current caloric intake?''
 
| ''- Are there groups of restaurants that have foods based on my current caloric intake?''
第910行： 第913行：  
| - Are there groups of restaurants that have foods based on my current caloric intake?
 
| - Are there groups of restaurants that have foods based on my current caloric intake?
   −
|-是否有几组餐馆根据我目前摄入的热量来提供食物？
+
|“-是否有几组餐馆根据我目前摄入的热量来提供食物？”
    
|-
 
|-
第923行： 第926行：     
|}
 
|}
−
  −
      
==Barriers to effective analysis==
 
==Barriers to effective analysis==
嘉树
259

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取自“https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php/特殊:移动版差异/13486”