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→The process of data analysis 数据分析的流程
Analysis refers to breaking a whole into its separate components for individual examination. Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data and converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. Data is collected and analyzed to answer questions, test hypotheses or disprove theories.<ref name="Judd and McClelland 1989">{{cite book
Analysis refers to breaking a whole into its separate components for individual examination. Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data and converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. Data is collected and analyzed to answer questions, test hypotheses or disprove theories.<ref name="Judd and McClelland 1989">{{cite book
| last = Judd, Charles and
| last = Judd, Charles and
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分析是指将一个整体分解成独立的部分来进行个别检查。数据分析是获取原始数据并将其转化为用户决策有用信息的过程。数据被收集和分析，从而回答问题、检验假设或推翻理论。
Statistician [[John Tukey]] defined data analysis in 1961 as: "Procedures for analyzing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analyzing data."<ref>[http://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.aoms/1177704711 John Tukey-The Future of Data Analysis-July 1961]</ref>
Statistician [[John Tukey]] defined data analysis in 1961 as: "Procedures for analyzing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analyzing data."<ref>[http://projecteuclid.org/download/pdf_1/euclid.aoms/1177704711 John Tukey-The Future of Data Analysis-July 1961]</ref>
There are several phases that can be distinguished, described below. The phases are iterative, in that feedback from later phases may result in additional work in earlier phases.<ref name="Schutt & O'Neil">{{cite book
There are several phases that can be distinguished, described below. The phases are iterative, in that feedback from later phases may result in additional work in earlier phases.<ref name="Schutt & O'Neil">{{cite book
<ref name="Schutt & O'Neil"> {{ cite book
| author2-last = O'Neil | author2-first= Cathy | author2-link= Cathy O'Neil
| author2-last = O'Neil | author2-first= Cathy | author2-link= Cathy O'Neil
| isbn = 978-1-449-35865-5}}</ref> The CRISP framework used in data mining has similar steps.
| isbn = 978-1-449-35865-5}}</ref> The CRISP framework used in data mining has similar steps.
有几个阶段可以区分，如下所述。这些阶段是<font color = '#ff8000'>迭代的iterative</font>，因为后期阶段的反馈可能会导致前期阶段额外的工作。
用于数据挖掘的 CRISP 框架有类似的步骤。
在决定如何传达结果的时候，分析师可能会考虑'''<font color='#ff8000'>数据可视化</font>'''技术来帮助清晰有效地向听众传达信息。数据可视化使用信息显示（如表格和图表）来帮助传递数据中的关键信息。表格对查找特定数字的用户很有帮助，而图表（例如柱状图或折线图）可以帮助解释数据中的定量信息。
在决定如何传达结果的时候，分析师可能会考虑'''<font color='#ff8000'>数据可视化</font>'''技术来帮助清晰有效地向听众传达信息。数据可视化使用信息显示（如表格和图表）来帮助传递数据中的关键信息。表格对查找特定数字的用户很有帮助，而图表（例如柱状图或折线图）可以帮助解释数据中的定量信息。
==Quantitative messages 定量数据==
==Quantitative messages 定量数据==