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| | 两种反馈循环同时发挥作用，但在不同的时间，它们可能有不同的优势。因此，人们可能会认为，最初几年的销售额会增长，随后几年销售额会下降。然而，一般来说，环路图并没有充分指定系统的结构，以允许仅仅通过视觉表现来确定其行为。<ref>Richardson, G. P. (1986), Problems with causal-loop diagrams. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 2: 158–170. doi:10.1002/sdr.4260020207</ref> | | 两种反馈循环同时发挥作用，但在不同的时间，它们可能有不同的优势。因此，人们可能会认为，最初几年的销售额会增长，随后几年销售额会下降。然而，一般来说，环路图并没有充分指定系统的结构，以允许仅仅通过视觉表现来确定其行为。<ref>Richardson, G. P. (1986), Problems with causal-loop diagrams. Syst. Dyn. Rev., 2: 158–170. doi:10.1002/sdr.4260020207</ref> |
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| − | ===存量-流量图 Stock and flow diagrams=== | + | ===存量-流量图=== |
| − | 这里Stock有文献描述为流位变量，具体翻译成什么内容有待考虑，下同
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| − | 建议翻译为：存量和流量-liujing
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| − | {{Main article|Stock and flow}}
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| − | Causal loop diagrams aid in visualizing a system’s structure and behavior, and analyzing the system qualitatively. To perform a more detailed quantitative analysis, a causal loop diagram is transformed to a [[stock and flow]] diagram. A stock and flow model helps in studying and analyzing the system in a quantitative way; such models are usually built and simulated using computer software.
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| − | Causal loop diagrams aid in visualizing a system’s structure and behavior, and analyzing the system qualitatively. To perform a more detailed quantitative analysis, a causal loop diagram is transformed to a stock and flow diagram. A stock and flow model helps in studying and analyzing the system in a quantitative way; such models are usually built and simulated using computer software.
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| | 因果循环图有助于将系统的结构和行为可视化，并对系统进行定性分析。为了进行更详细的定量分析，环路图被转换成存量-流量图。存量-流量模型有助于对系统进行定量研究和分析，这些模型通常是用计算机软件建立和模拟的。 | | 因果循环图有助于将系统的结构和行为可视化，并对系统进行定性分析。为了进行更详细的定量分析，环路图被转换成存量-流量图。存量-流量模型有助于对系统进行定量研究和分析，这些模型通常是用计算机软件建立和模拟的。 |
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| − | A stock is the term for any entity that accumulates or depletes over time. A flow is the rate of change in a stock.
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| − | A stock is the term for any entity that accumulates or depletes over time. A flow is the rate of change in a stock.
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| | 存量是指随着时间的推移而累积或消耗的任何实体。流量是股票的变化率。 | | 存量是指随着时间的推移而累积或消耗的任何实体。流量是股票的变化率。 |
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| | + | [[Image:Simple stock and flow diagram.gif|centre|frame|流量是存量的积累速率]] |
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| − | [[Image:Simple stock and flow diagram.gif|centre|frame|A flow is the rate of accumulation of the stock]]
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| − | A flow is the rate of accumulation of the stock
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| − | 流量是存量的积累速率
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| − | In our example, there are two stocks: Potential adopters and Adopters. There is one flow: New adopters. For every new adopter, the stock of potential adopters declines by one, and the stock of adopters increases by one.
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| − | In our example, there are two stocks: Potential adopters and Adopters. There is one flow: New adopters. For every new adopter, the stock of potential adopters declines by one, and the stock of adopters increases by one.
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| | 在我们的示例中，有两种股票: 潜在的采用者和采用者。只有一种流动: 新的采用者。对于每一个新的采用者，潜在采用者的数量减少了一个，而采用者的数量增加了一个。 | | 在我们的示例中，有两种股票: 潜在的采用者和采用者。只有一种流动: 新的采用者。对于每一个新的采用者，潜在采用者的数量减少了一个，而采用者的数量增加了一个。 |
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| − | | + | [[Image:Adoption SFD.png|centre|''新产品采用''模型的存量-流量Adoption SFD.png|frame]] |
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| − | [[Image:Adoption SFD.png|centre|Stock and flow diagram of ''New product adoption'' model|frame]] | |
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| − | 框架
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| | ===方程式 Equations=== | | ===方程式 Equations=== |