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| ;How does life arise from the nonliving?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://libarynth.org/open_problems_in_alife|title=Libarynth|accessdate=2015-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/13564/1/BEDal00.pdf|title=Caltech |accessdate=2015-05-11}}</ref> | | ;How does life arise from the nonliving?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://libarynth.org/open_problems_in_alife|title=Libarynth|accessdate=2015-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/13564/1/BEDal00.pdf|title=Caltech |accessdate=2015-05-11}}</ref> |
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− | How does life arise from the nonliving? | + | *How does life arise from the nonliving? |
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− | 生命是如何从无生命中产生的?
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− | 生命是如何从非生命中产生的?
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− | *在体外产生一种分子原生物。
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− | *在计算机模拟中实现向生命的过渡。
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− | *确定是否可以根本上存在独特的活组织。
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− | *模拟整个生命周期中的单细胞生物。
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− | *解释规则和符号是如何通过生命系统中的物理动力学生成的。
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| *Generate a molecular proto-organism [[in vitro]]. | | *Generate a molecular proto-organism [[in vitro]]. |
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| *Achieve the transition to life in an [[artificial chemistry]] [[in silico]]. | | *Achieve the transition to life in an [[artificial chemistry]] [[in silico]]. |
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| *Determine whether fundamentally novel living organizations can exist. | | *Determine whether fundamentally novel living organizations can exist. |
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| *Simulate a [[unicellular organism]] over its entire life cycle. | | *Simulate a [[unicellular organism]] over its entire life cycle. |
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| *Explain how rules and symbols are generated from physical dynamics in living systems. | | *Explain how rules and symbols are generated from physical dynamics in living systems. |
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| + | *生命是如何从非生命中产生的? |
| + | *在体外产生一种分子原生物。 |
| + | *从人工化学中的硅中实现向生命的过渡。 |
| + | *确定是否存在根本上独特的活组织。 |
| + | *模拟一个单细胞生物体的整个生命周期。 |
| + | *解释规则和符号是如何通过生命系统中的物理动力学生成的。 |
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− | | + | *What are the potentials and limits of living systems? |
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− | ;What are the potentials and limits of living systems?
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− | What are the potentials and limits of living systems?
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− | 生命系统的潜力和限制是什么?
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− | 确定生活的无限发展中不可避免的事情。
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− | *确定从特定响应系统到通用响应系统的演进过渡的最低条件。
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− | *创建一个正式框架,以综合各种规模的动态层次结构。
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− | *确定操纵生物体和生态系统的进化后果的可预测性。
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− | *为不断发展的系统发展一套有关信息处理、信息流和信息生成的理论。
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| *Determine what is inevitable in the open-ended [[evolution of life]]. | | *Determine what is inevitable in the open-ended [[evolution of life]]. |
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| *Determine minimal conditions for evolutionary transitions from specific to generic response systems. | | *Determine minimal conditions for evolutionary transitions from specific to generic response systems. |
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| *Create a formal framework for synthesizing dynamical hierarchies at all scales. | | *Create a formal framework for synthesizing dynamical hierarchies at all scales. |
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| *Determine the predictability of evolutionary consequences of manipulating organisms and ecosystems. | | *Determine the predictability of evolutionary consequences of manipulating organisms and ecosystems. |
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| *Develop a theory of [[information processing]], [[Information flow (information theory)|information flow]], and information generation for evolving systems. | | *Develop a theory of [[information processing]], [[Information flow (information theory)|information flow]], and information generation for evolving systems. |
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| + | *生命系统的潜能和限制都是什么? |
| + | *确定开放式[[生命进化]]中不可避免的是什么。 |
| + | *确定从特定反应系统到通用反应系统演化过渡的最低条件。 |
| + | *建立一个在所有尺度上综合动态层次结构的正式框架。 |
| + | *确定生物体和生态系统进化后果的可预测性。 |
| + | *发展一种[[信息处理]]、[[信息流(信息论)|信息流]]和进化系统的信息生成理论。 |
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− | | + | *How is life related to mind, machines, and culture? |
− | ;How is life related to mind, machines, and culture?
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− | How is life related to mind, machines, and culture?
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− | 生命是如何与思想、机器和文化联系起来的?
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− | *演示人工生命系统中智能和思维的出现。
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− | *评估机器对生命的下一个重大进化的影响。
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− | *提供文化和生物进化之间相互作用的定量模型。
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− | *建立人工生命伦理。
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| *Demonstrate the emergence of intelligence and mind in an artificial living system. | | *Demonstrate the emergence of intelligence and mind in an artificial living system. |
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| *Evaluate the influence of machines on the next major evolutionary transition of life. | | *Evaluate the influence of machines on the next major evolutionary transition of life. |
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| *Provide a quantitative model of the interplay between cultural and biological evolution. | | *Provide a quantitative model of the interplay between cultural and biological evolution. |
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| + | *Establish ethical principles for artificial life. |
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− | | + | *生命是如何与思想、机器和文化联系起来的? |
− | *Establish ethical principles for artificial life. | + | *演示人工生命系统中智能和思维的出现。 |
| + | *评估机器对生命下一次重大进化的影响。 |
| + | *提供文化和生物进化之间相互作用的定量模型。 |
| + | *建立人工生命伦理。 |
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| == Related subjects 相关主题 == | | == Related subjects 相关主题 == |