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→Types of phase transition 相变的种类
* A [[eutectic]] transformation, in which a two-component single-phase liquid is cooled and transforms into two solid phases. The same process, but beginning with a solid instead of a liquid is called a [[eutectoid]] transformation.
* A [[eutectic]] transformation, in which a two-component single-phase liquid is cooled and transforms into two solid phases. The same process, but beginning with a solid instead of a liquid is called a [[eutectoid]] transformation.
共晶转变Eutectic transformation指的是一类互溶液体（由两种不同成分组成的单相液体）经过冷却后，转变成为两个不同的固相。同样的过程，由一类固态开始转变成为两个不同的固相，则称为共析转变。
* A [[metastable]] to equilibrium phase transformation. A metastable polymorph which forms rapidly due to lower surface energy will transform to an equilibrium phase given sufficient thermal input to overcome an energetic barrier.
* A [[metastable]] to equilibrium phase transformation. A metastable polymorph which forms rapidly due to lower surface energy will transform to an equilibrium phase given sufficient thermal input to overcome an energetic barrier.
由于较低的表面能而迅速形成的亚稳多晶体Metastable polymorph会逐渐趋向一种平衡相，前提是需要足够的热输入以克服能量位垒。
* A [[peritectic]] transformation, in which a two-component single-phase solid is heated and transforms into a solid phase and a liquid phase.
* A [[peritectic]] transformation, in which a two-component single-phase solid is heated and transforms into a solid phase and a liquid phase.
包晶转变Peritectic transformation，指的是一类单相固体（包含两种不同成分）经过加热后转变为一种固相和一种液相的过程。
* A [[spinodal decomposition]], in which a single phase is cooled and separates into two different compositions of that same phase.
* A [[spinodal decomposition]], in which a single phase is cooled and separates into two different compositions of that same phase.
亚稳相分解Spinodal decomposition，指的是一个单相经过冷却后分离为同相的两种不同成分的物质。
* Transition to a [[mesophase]] between solid and liquid, such as one of the "[[liquid crystal]]" phases.
* Transition to a [[mesophase]] between solid and liquid, such as one of the "[[liquid crystal]]" phases.
在固体和液体之间过渡的中间相Mesophase，例如“液晶Liquid crystal”相之一。
* The transition between the [[ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] and [[paramagnetism|paramagnetic]] phases of [[magnet]]ic materials at the [[Curie point]].
* The transition between the [[ferromagnetism|ferromagnetic]] and [[paramagnetism|paramagnetic]] phases of [[magnet]]ic materials at the [[Curie point]].
磁性材料在居里点Curie point（居里温度）时，铁磁Ferromagnetism和顺磁Paramagnetism相之间的转变。
* The transition between differently ordered, [[ANNNI model|commensurate]] or [[commensurability (mathematics)|incommensurate]], magnetic structures, such as in cerium [[antimonide]].
* The transition between differently ordered, [[ANNNI model|commensurate]] or [[commensurability (mathematics)|incommensurate]], magnetic structures, such as in cerium [[antimonide]].
在各种有序，相称Commensurate或不相称Incommensurate的磁性结构（如锑化铈Antimonide中）之间的转变。
* The [[martensitic transformation]] which occurs as one of the many phase transformations in carbon steel and stands as a model for [[displacive phase transformations]].
* The [[martensitic transformation]] which occurs as one of the many phase transformations in carbon steel and stands as a model for [[displacive phase transformations]].
马氏体转变Martensitic transformatio是碳钢的众多相变之一，是典型的位移相变Displacive phase transformationsD
* Changes in the [[crystallographic]] structure such as between [[Allotropes of iron|ferrite]] and [[austenite]] of iron.
* Changes in the [[crystallographic]] structure such as between [[Allotropes of iron|ferrite]] and [[austenite]] of iron.
晶体结构的变化，例如铁在不同温度，不同处理方式下铁素体Ferrite和奥氏体Austenite之间的转变。
* Order-disorder transitions such as in alpha-[[titanium aluminide]]s.
* Order-disorder transitions such as in alpha-[[titanium aluminide]]s.
有序到无序的转变，例如α-钛铝化物Titanium aluminide。
* The emergence of [[superconductivity]] in certain metals and ceramics when cooled below a critical temperature.
* The emergence of [[superconductivity]] in certain metals and ceramics when cooled below a critical temperature.
当冷却到临界温度以下时，某些金属和陶瓷会出现超导Superconductivity现象。
* The transition between different molecular structures ([[Polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphs]], [[allotropy|allotropes]] or [[polyamorphism|polyamorphs{{not a typo}}]]), especially of solids, such as between an [[amorphous solid|amorphous]] structure and a [[crystal]] structure, between two different crystal structures, or between two amorphous structures.
* The transition between different molecular structures ([[Polymorphism (materials science)|polymorphs]], [[allotropy|allotropes]] or [[polyamorphism|polyamorphs{{not a typo}}]]), especially of solids, such as between an [[amorphous solid|amorphous]] structure and a [[crystal]] structure, between two different crystal structures, or between two amorphous structures.
不同分子结构（同质多形体Polymorphs，同素异形体Allotropes或非晶多形体Polyamorphs）之间的转变，特别是固体之间的转变，例如非晶结构和晶体结构之间，两种不同晶体结构之间或两种非晶结构之间的转变。
* Quantum condensation of [[boson]]ic fluids ([[Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose–Einstein condensation]]). The [[superfluidity|superfluid]] transition in liquid [[helium]] is an example of this.
* Quantum condensation of [[boson]]ic fluids ([[Bose–Einstein condensate|Bose–Einstein condensation]]). The [[superfluidity|superfluid]] transition in liquid [[helium]] is an example of this.
玻色子Bosonic流体的量子凝聚（玻色–爱因斯坦凝聚Bose–Einstein condensation）。液态氦中的超流体转变就是一个例子。
* The [[Symmetry breaking|breaking of symmetries]] in the laws of physics during the early history of the universe as its temperature cooled.
* The [[Symmetry breaking|breaking of symmetries]] in the laws of physics during the early history of the universe as its temperature cooled.
早期的宇宙随着温度的降温，物理学定律的对称性破裂Breaking of symmetries。
* [[Isotope fractionation]] occurs during a phase transition, the ratio of light to heavy isotopes in the involved molecules changes. When [[water vapor]] condenses (an [[equilibrium fractionation]]), the heavier water isotopes (18O and 2H) become enriched in the liquid phase while the lighter isotopes (16O and 1H) tend toward the vapor phase.
* [[Isotope fractionation]] occurs during a phase transition, the ratio of light to heavy isotopes in the involved molecules changes. When [[water vapor]] condenses (an [[equilibrium fractionation]]), the heavier water isotopes (18O and 2H) become enriched in the liquid phase while the lighter isotopes (16O and 1H) tend toward the vapor phase.
同位素分馏Isotope fractionation发生在相变过程中，所涉及分子中的轻同位素与重同位素的比率会发生变化。当水蒸气冷凝（平衡分馏）时，较重的水同位素（18O和2H）在液相中富集，而较轻的同位素（16O和1H）则趋向于气相。