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In physics, chemistry and materials science, percolation (from Latin percōlāre, "to filter" or "trickle through") refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials.  
 
In physics, chemistry and materials science, percolation (from Latin percōlāre, "to filter" or "trickle through") refers to the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials.  
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在[[物理]]、[[化学]]和[[材料科学]]中， '''percolation ''' (从[[拉丁语]] ''percōlāre''，“ to filter”或“ trickle through”)指的是流体通过多孔材料的运动和过滤。
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在[[物理]]、[[化学]]和[[材料科学]]中， '''percolation ''' (从[[拉丁语]] ''percōlāre''，“ to filter过滤”或“ trickle through缓缓流过”)指的是流体通过多孔材料的运动和过滤。
    
It is described by [[Darcy's law]].
 
It is described by [[Darcy's law]].
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It is described by Darcy's law.
 
It is described by Darcy's law.
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这是[['''<font color = '#ff8000'>达西定律</font>''']]所描述的。
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这是'''<font color = '#ff8000'>达西定律</font>'''所描述的。
    
Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.
 
Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.
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Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.
 
Broader applications have since been developed that cover connectivity of many systems modeled as lattices or graphs, analogous to connectivity of lattice components in the filtration problem that modulates capacity for percolation.
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人们已经开发出了更广泛的应用，这些应用覆盖了许多以格子或图为模型的系统的连通性，类似于过滤问题中调节渗流能力的格子组件的连通性。
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人们已经开发出了更广泛的应用，这些应用覆盖了许多以格子或图形为模型系统的连通性，类似于过滤问题中调节渗流能力的格子组件的连通性。
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During the last decades, percolation theory, the mathematical study of percolation, has brought new understanding and techniques to a broad range of topics in physics, materials science, complex networks, epidemiology, and other fields. For example, in geology, percolation refers to filtration of water through soil and permeable rocks. The water flows to recharge the groundwater in the water table and aquifers. In places where infiltration basins or septic drain fields are planned to dispose of substantial amounts of water, a percolation test is needed beforehand to determine whether the intended structure is  likely to succeed or fail.
 
During the last decades, percolation theory, the mathematical study of percolation, has brought new understanding and techniques to a broad range of topics in physics, materials science, complex networks, epidemiology, and other fields. For example, in geology, percolation refers to filtration of water through soil and permeable rocks. The water flows to recharge the groundwater in the water table and aquifers. In places where infiltration basins or septic drain fields are planned to dispose of substantial amounts of water, a percolation test is needed beforehand to determine whether the intended structure is  likely to succeed or fail.
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在过去的几十年里，'''<font color = '#ff8000'>渗流理论Percolation theory</font>'''，渗流的数学研究，给物理学、材料科学、'''<font color = '#ff8000'>复杂网络Percolation theory</font>'''复杂网络、流行病学和其他领域带来了新的理解和技术。例如，在地质学中，渗滤指的是水通过土壤和渗透性岩石的过滤。这些水流入地下水位和蓄水层补给地下水。在计划排放大量水的渗滤池或化粪池的地方，需要事先进行渗滤试验，以确定预期的结构是否可能成功。
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在过去的几十年里，'''<font color = '#ff8000'>渗流理论Percolation theory</font>'''，渗流的数学研究，给物理学、材料科学、'''<font color = '#ff8000'>复杂网络Percolation theory</font>'''、'''<font color = '#ff8000'>流行病学</font>'''和其他领域带来了新的理解和技术。例如，在'''<font color = '#ff8000'>地质学</font>'''中，渗滤指的是水通过土壤和渗透性岩石的过滤。这些水流入地下水和蓄水层补给地下水。在计划排放大量水的渗滤池或化粪池的地方，需要事先进行渗流试验，以确定预期的结构是否可能实现。
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Percolation typically exhibits universality. Statistical physics concepts such as scaling theory, renormalization, phase transition, critical phenomena and fractals are used to characterize percolation properties. Percolation is the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in the soil due to gravity.  
 
Percolation typically exhibits universality. Statistical physics concepts such as scaling theory, renormalization, phase transition, critical phenomena and fractals are used to characterize percolation properties. Percolation is the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in the soil due to gravity.  
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渗滤作用具有典型的普遍性。统计物理概念，如标度理论，重整化，相变，临界现象和分形用于描述渗流特性。渗透是由于重力作用，水通过孔隙和土壤中的其他空间向下运动。
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渗流作用具有典型的普遍性。[[统计物理概念]]中，如[[标度理论]]，[[重整化]]，[[相变]]，[[临界现象]]和[[分形]]这些词语用于描述渗流特性。渗透是在重力作用下，水通过孔隙和土壤中的其他空间向下运动。
    
[[Combinatorics]] is commonly employed to study [[percolation threshold]]s.
 
[[Combinatorics]] is commonly employed to study [[percolation threshold]]s.
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Combinatorics is commonly employed to study percolation thresholds.
 
Combinatorics is commonly employed to study percolation thresholds.
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组合数学是研究渗流阈值的常用方法。
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[[组合数学]]是研究[[渗流阈值]]的常用方法。
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Due to the complexity involved in obtaining exact results from analytical models of percolation, computer simulations are typically used.  The current fastest algorithm for percolation was published in 2000 by Mark Newman and Robert Ziff.
 
Due to the complexity involved in obtaining exact results from analytical models of percolation, computer simulations are typically used.  The current fastest algorithm for percolation was published in 2000 by Mark Newman and Robert Ziff.
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由于从渗流分析模型获得精确结果所涉及的复杂性，通常使用计算机模拟。目前最快的逾渗算法是由马克 · 纽曼和罗伯特 · 齐夫在2000年发表的。
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由于从渗流分析模型获得精确结果所涉及的复杂性，人们通常使用计算机来进行模拟。目前最快的逾渗算法是由[[马克 · 纽曼]]和[[罗伯特 · 齐夫]]在2000年发表的。<ref name="newman">{{cite journal |last=Newman |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Newman |last2=Ziff |first2=Robert |title=Efficient Monte Carlo Algorithm and High-Precision Results for Percolation |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=85 |issue=19 |pages=4104–4107 |year=2000 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.4104 |pmid=11056635 |arxiv=cond-mat/0005264 |bibcode=2000PhRvL..85.4104N |citeseerx=10.1.1.310.4632 }}</ref>
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==Further reading==
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==Further reading扩展阅读==
    
* [[Harry Kesten|Kesten, Harry]]; [http://www.ams.org/notices/200605/what-is-kesten.pdf "What is percolation?"], in ''[[Notices of the AMS]]'', May 2006.
 
* [[Harry Kesten|Kesten, Harry]]; [http://www.ams.org/notices/200605/what-is-kesten.pdf "What is percolation?"], in ''[[Notices of the AMS]]'', May 2006.
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==External links==
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==External links外部链接==
    
*[http://havlin.biu.ac.il/course3.php Introduction to Percolation Theory: short course by Shlomo Havlin]
 
*[http://havlin.biu.ac.il/course3.php Introduction to Percolation Theory: short course by Shlomo Havlin]
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Category:Systems theory
 
Category:Systems theory
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范畴: 系统论
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[[范畴: 系统论]]
    
[[Category:Combinatorics]]
 
[[Category:Combinatorics]]
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Category:Combinatorics
 
Category:Combinatorics
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分类: 组合数学
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[[分类: 组合数学]]
    
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Ilse1980
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