| 应避免混淆这些抽象定义。例如,自然系统包括亚原子系统、[[生命系统理论 living systems theory|生命系统 living systems]]、[[恒星系统 solar system]]、[[星系 Galaxy|星系 galaxies]]和[[宇宙]],而人造系统包括人造物理结构、自然系统和人造系统的混合体、以及概念知识。组织和功能中的人的因素在其相关的抽象系统和表现形式中得以强调。系统在选择其目的、目标、方法、工具等方面的自由程度及其选择分布或集中的自由程度,是区分不同系统的一个主要考虑因素。 | | 应避免混淆这些抽象定义。例如,自然系统包括亚原子系统、[[生命系统理论 living systems theory|生命系统 living systems]]、[[恒星系统 solar system]]、[[星系 Galaxy|星系 galaxies]]和[[宇宙]],而人造系统包括人造物理结构、自然系统和人造系统的混合体、以及概念知识。组织和功能中的人的因素在其相关的抽象系统和表现形式中得以强调。系统在选择其目的、目标、方法、工具等方面的自由程度及其选择分布或集中的自由程度,是区分不同系统的一个主要考虑因素。 |
| It is important not to confuse these abstract definitions. For example, natural systems include subatomic systems, [[living systems theory|living systems]], the [[solar system]], [[Galaxy|galaxies]], and the [[Universe]], while artificial systems include man-made physical structures, hybrids of natural and artificial systems, and conceptual knowledge. The human elements of organization and functions are emphasized with their relevant abstract systems and representations. A cardinal consideration in making distinctions among systems is to determine how much freedom the system has to select its purpose, goals, methods, tools, etc. and how free it is to select itself as distributed or concentrated.{{clarify|date=June 2019|reason = How can a system select goals, etc.? Most systems are not self-aware or self describing. What does concentrated or disturbed mean in this context?}} | | It is important not to confuse these abstract definitions. For example, natural systems include subatomic systems, [[living systems theory|living systems]], the [[solar system]], [[Galaxy|galaxies]], and the [[Universe]], while artificial systems include man-made physical structures, hybrids of natural and artificial systems, and conceptual knowledge. The human elements of organization and functions are emphasized with their relevant abstract systems and representations. A cardinal consideration in making distinctions among systems is to determine how much freedom the system has to select its purpose, goals, methods, tools, etc. and how free it is to select itself as distributed or concentrated.{{clarify|date=June 2019|reason = How can a system select goals, etc.? Most systems are not self-aware or self describing. What does concentrated or disturbed mean in this context?}} |