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1988年，军事战略家[[约翰·A·沃登三世 John A. Warden III]]在他的书《空军战役》中介绍了[[沃登五环 Warden's Five Rings|五环系统 Five Ring System]]模型，认为任何复杂的系统都可分解为五个同心环。每个环节——领导力、流程、基础设施、人口和行动单位——都可用来在任何需要变革的系统中隔离关键元素。在[[第一次海湾战争 First Gulf War]]中<ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |title=The Air Campaign: Planning for Combat |publisher=National Defense University Press |location=Washington, D.C. |date=1988 |isbn=978-1-58348-100-4 |authorlink=John A. Warden III}}</ref>，空军计划人员对该模型进行了有效利用。< ref > { cite book | last = Warden | first = John a. III | date = September 1995
1988年，军事战略家[[约翰·A·沃登三世 John A. Warden III]]在他的书《空军战役》中介绍了[[沃登五环 Warden's Five Rings|五环系统 Five Ring System]]模型，认为任何复杂的系统都可分解为五个同心环。每个环节——领导力、流程、基础设施、人口和行动单位——都可用来在任何需要变革的系统中隔离关键元素。在[[第一次海湾战争 First Gulf War]]中<ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |title=The Air Campaign: Planning for Combat |publisher=National Defense University Press |location=Washington, D.C. |date=1988 |isbn=978-1-58348-100-4 |authorlink=John A. Warden III}}</ref>，空军计划人员对该模型进行了有效利用。< ref > { cite book | last = Warden | first = John a. III | date = September 1995
--[[用户:Stefanie|Stefanie]]（[[用户讨论:Stefanie |讨论]]） 【审校】“认为任何复杂的系统都可分解为五个同心环。”改为“他主张每一个复杂的系统都可以被分解为五个同心环。”
--[[用户:Stefanie|Stefanie]]（[[用户讨论:Stefanie |讨论]]） 【审校】“每个环节——领导力、流程、基础设施、人口和行动单位——都可用来在任何需要变革的系统中隔离关键元素。”改为“每个环节——领导力、流程、基础设施、人口和行动单位——都可用来在每个需要变革的系统中隔离关键元素。”
--[[用户:Stefanie|Stefanie]]（[[用户讨论:Stefanie |讨论]]） 【审校】“在[[第一次海湾战争 First Gulf War]]中<ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |title=The Air Campaign: Planning for Combat |publisher=National Defense University Press |location=Washington, D.C. |date=1988 |isbn=978-1-58348-100-4 |authorlink=John A. Warden III}}</ref>，空军计划人员对该模型进行了有效利用。”改为“在[[第一次海湾战争 First Gulf War]]中<ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |title=The Air Campaign: Planning for Combat |publisher=National Defense University Press |location=Washington, D.C. |date=1988 |isbn=978-1-58348-100-4 |authorlink=John A. Warden III}}</ref>，空军计划人员对有效利用了该模型。”
In 1988, military strategist, [[John A. Warden III]] introduced the [[Warden's Five Rings|Five Ring System]] model in his book, ''The Air Campaign'', contending that any complex system could be broken down into five concentric rings. Each ring—Leadership, Processes, Infrastructure, Population and Action Units—could be used to isolate key elements of any system that needed change. The model was used effectively by Air Force planners in the [[First Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |title=The Air Campaign: Planning for Combat |publisher=National Defense University Press |location=Washington, D.C. |date=1988 |isbn=978-1-58348-100-4 |authorlink=John A. Warden III}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |date=September 1995
In 1988, military strategist, [[John A. Warden III]] introduced the [[Warden's Five Rings|Five Ring System]] model in his book, ''The Air Campaign'', contending that any complex system could be broken down into five concentric rings. Each ring—Leadership, Processes, Infrastructure, Population and Action Units—could be used to isolate key elements of any system that needed change. The model was used effectively by Air Force planners in the [[First Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |title=The Air Campaign: Planning for Combat |publisher=National Defense University Press |location=Washington, D.C. |date=1988 |isbn=978-1-58348-100-4 |authorlink=John A. Warden III}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Warden |first=John A. III |date=September 1995