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'''Triadic closure''' is a concept in [[social network]] theory, first suggested by [[Germany|German]] [[sociology|sociologist]] [[Georg Simmel]] in his 1908 book ''Soziologie'' [''Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation''].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/17/style/17facebook.html?pagewanted=print Georg Simmel], originator of the concept: "Facebook" article at [[the New York Times]] website. Retrieved on December 21, 2007.</ref> Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C.<ref>[https://serendipstudio.org/complexity/course/emergence06/bookreviews/kmaffei.html Working concept] of triadic closure: book review of [[Duncan Watts]]' "[[Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age]]" at the ''Serendip'' ([[Bryn Mawr College]]) website. Retrieved on December 21, 2007.</ref> This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.<ref name=Easley>Easley, D, & Kleinberg, J. (2010). Networks, crowds, and markets: reasoning about a highly connected world. Cornell, NY: Cambridge Univ Pr.</ref>

'''Triadic closure''' is a concept in [[social network]] theory, first suggested by [[Germany|German]] [[sociology|sociologist]] [[Georg Simmel]] in his 1908 book ''Soziologie'' [''Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation''].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/17/style/17facebook.html?pagewanted=print Georg Simmel], originator of the concept: "Facebook" article at [[the New York Times]] website. Retrieved on December 21, 2007.</ref> Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C.<ref>[https://serendipstudio.org/complexity/course/emergence06/bookreviews/kmaffei.html Working concept] of triadic closure: book review of [[Duncan Watts]]' "[[Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age]]" at the ''Serendip'' ([[Bryn Mawr College]]) website. Retrieved on December 21, 2007.</ref> This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.<ref name=Easley>Easley, D, & Kleinberg, J. (2010). Networks, crowds, and markets: reasoning about a highly connected world. Cornell, NY: Cambridge Univ Pr.</ref>

Triadic closure is a concept in social network theory, first suggested by German sociologist Georg Simmel in his 1908 book Soziologie [Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation]. Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C. This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.

Triadic closure is a concept in social network theory, first suggested by German sociologist Georg Simmel in his 1908 book Soziologie [Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation]. Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C. This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.

三元闭合是社会网络理论中的一个概念，最早由德国社会学家格奥尔格 · 西梅尔在他1908年出版的《社会学》一书中提出。三元闭包是三个节点 a、 b 和 c 之间的性质，如果 A-B 和 A-C 之间存在强联系，则 B-C 之间只存在强联系。这个特性在非常大的复杂网络中过于极端，不适用，但是它是一个有用的现实简化，可以用来理解和预测网络。

'''<font color="#FF8000">三合闭包 Triadic Closure </font>'''是'''<font color="#FF8000">社会网络理论 Social Network Theory </font>'''中的一个概念，最早由德国社会学家格奥尔格·西梅尔（Georg Simmel）在其1908年的著作《社会学：社会形式的调查》中提出。 三元闭合是三个节点A，B和C之间的属性，因此，如果A-B和A-C之间存在牢固的联系，则B-C之间仅存在牢固的联系。 这个属性太极端了，无法在非常大的复杂网络中实现，但是它是对现实的有用简化，可以用来理解和预测网络。

 

==History==

==History==

Triadic closure was made popular by [[Mark Granovetter]] in his 1973 article ''The Strength of Weak Ties''.<ref>Granovetter, M. (1973). "[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf The Strength of Weak Ties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216103216/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf |date=2008-02-16 }}", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, Issue 6, May 1360-80.</ref> There he synthesized the theory of [[cognitive balance]] first introduced by [[Fritz Heider]] in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.

Triadic closure was made popular by [[Mark Granovetter]] in his 1973 article ''The Strength of Weak Ties''.<ref>Granovetter, M. (1973). "[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf The Strength of Weak Ties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216103216/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf |date=2008-02-16 }}", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, Issue 6, May 1360-80.</ref> There he synthesized the theory of [[cognitive balance]] first introduced by [[Fritz Heider]] in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.

Triadic closure was made popular by Mark Granovetter in his 1973 article The Strength of Weak Ties. There he synthesized the theory of cognitive balance first introduced by Fritz Heider in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.

Triadic closure was made popular by Mark Granovetter in his 1973 article The Strength of Weak Ties. There he synthesized the theory of cognitive balance first introduced by Fritz Heider in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.