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Triadic closure is a concept in social network theory, first suggested by German sociologist Georg Simmel in his 1908 book Soziologie [Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation]. Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C. This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.

Triadic closure is a concept in social network theory, first suggested by German sociologist Georg Simmel in his 1908 book Soziologie [Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation]. Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C. This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.

'''<font color="#FF8000">三元闭包</font>'''是'''<font color="#FF8000">社会网络</font>'''理论中的一个概念，最早由德国社会学家格奥尔格·西梅尔 Georg Simmel于1908年在其著作《社会学：社会形式的调查》中提出。 三元闭包是关于A，B，C三个节点间的连接模式的一种性质，即当节点A与节点B、节点A与节点C之间均为强连接时，节点B与节点C之间也必定为强连接。尽管这一性质对于规模较大的'''<font color="#FF8000">复杂网络</font>'''而言过于严格，以至于其往往难以被满足，然而在理解网络、网络预测等方面，它却是一种对现实的有用的简化。

'''<font color="#FF8000">三元闭包</font>'''是'''<font color="#FF8000">社会网络</font>'''理论中的一个概念，最早由德国社会学家格奥尔格·西梅尔 Georg Simmel于1908年在其著作《社会学：社会形式的调查》中提出。 三元闭包是关于A，B，C三个节点的一种性质，即当节点A与节点B、节点A与节点C之间均为强连接时，节点B与节点C之间也必定为强连接。尽管这一性质对于规模较大的'''<font color="#FF8000">复杂网络</font>'''而言过于严格，以至于其往往难以被满足，然而在理解网络、预测网络等方面，它却是对现实的一种有用的简化。

==History==

==History==

Triadic closure was made popular by [[Mark Granovetter]] in his 1973 article ''The Strength of Weak Ties''.<ref>Granovetter, M. (1973). "[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf The Strength of Weak Ties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216103216/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf |date=2008-02-16 }}", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, Issue 6, May 1360-80.</ref> There he synthesized the theory of [[cognitive balance]] first introduced by [[Fritz Heider]] in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.

Triadic closure was made popular by [[Mark Granovetter]] in his 1973 article ''The Strength of Weak Ties''.<ref>Granovetter, M. (1973). "[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf The Strength of Weak Ties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216103216/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf |date=2008-02-16 }}", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, Issue 6, May 1360-80.</ref> There he synthesized the theory of [[cognitive balance]] first introduced by [[Fritz Heider]] in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.

Triadic closure was made popular by Mark Granovetter in his 1973 article The Strength of Weak Ties. There he synthesized the theory of cognitive balance first introduced by Fritz Heider in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.

Triadic closure was made popular by Mark Granovetter in his 1973 article The Strength of Weak Ties. There he synthesized the theory of cognitive balance first introduced by Fritz Heider in 1946 with a Simmelian understanding of social networks. In general terms, cognitive balance refers to the propensity of two individuals to want to feel the same way about an object. If the triad of three individuals is not closed, then the person connected to both of the individuals will want to close this triad in order to achieve closure in the relationship network.

马克·格兰诺维特（Mark Granovetter）在其1973年的文章《弱链接的力量》（The Strength of Weak Ties）中使三元闭包变得流行。 在那里，他综合了弗里茨·海德（Fritz Heider）于1946年提出的'''<font color="#FF8000">认知平衡理论 The Theory Of Cognitive Balance </font>'''，该理论对Simmelian的社交网络有所了解。 一般而言，认知平衡是指两个人想对一个物体感觉相同的倾向。 如果没有关闭三个人的闭合，那么连接到两个人的人都将要关闭，以便在关系网络中实现闭合。

马克·格兰诺维特（Mark Granovetter）在其1973年的文章《弱链接的力量》（The Strength of Weak Ties）中使三元闭包变得流行。 在那里，他综合了弗里茨·海德（Fritz Heider）于1946年提出的'''<font color="#FF8000">认知平衡理论 The Theory Of Cognitive Balance </font>'''，该理论对Simmelian的社交网络有所了解。 一般而言，认知平衡是指两个人想对一个物体感觉相同的倾向。 如果没有关闭三个人的闭合，那么连接到两个人的人都将要关闭，以便在关系网络中实现闭合。