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Triadic closure is a concept in social network theory, first suggested by German sociologist Georg Simmel in his 1908 book Soziologie [Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation]. Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C. This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.

Triadic closure is a concept in social network theory, first suggested by German sociologist Georg Simmel in his 1908 book Soziologie [Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation]. Triadic closure is the property among three nodes A, B, and C, such that if a strong tie exists between A-B and A-C, there is only a strong tie between B-C. This property is too extreme to hold true across very large, complex networks, but it is a useful simplification of reality that can be used to understand and predict networks.

'''<font color="#FF8000">三元闭包 Triadic Closure </font>'''是'''<font color="#FF8000">社会网络理论 Social Network Theory </font>'''中的一个概念，最早由德国社会学家格奥尔格·西梅尔 Georg Simmel在其1908年的著作《社会学：社会形式的调查》 Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation中提出。<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/17/style/17facebook.html?pagewanted=print Georg Simmel], originator of the concept: "Facebook" article at [[the New York Times]] website. Retrieved on December 21, 2007.</ref>三元闭包指的是由A，B，C三个节点所组成的三元组的一种性质，即如果A-B和A-C之间存在强联系，则B-C之间也仅存在强联系。 这一性质过于极端，以至于它难以在规模较大、结构复杂的网络中被满足，然而在理解网络与网络预测等方面，它却是一种十分有用的对现实的简化。

'''<font color="#FF8000">三元闭包 Triadic Closure </font>'''是'''<font color="#FF8000">社会网络理论 Social Network Theory </font>'''中的一个概念，最早由德国社会学家格奥尔格·西梅尔 Georg Simmel在其1908年的著作《社会学：社会形式的调查》 Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation中提出。<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/17/style/17facebook.html?pagewanted=print Georg Simmel], originator of the concept: "Facebook" article at [[the New York Times]] website. Retrieved on December 21, 2007.</ref>三元闭包指的是由A，B，C三个节点所组成的三元组的一种性质，即如果A-B和A-C之间存在强联系，则B-C之间也仅存在强联系。<ref>[https://serendipstudio.org/complexity/course/emergence06/bookreviews/kmaffei.html Working concept] of triadic closure: book review of [[Duncan Watts]]' "[[Six Degrees: The Science of a Connected Age]]" at the ''Serendip'' ([[Bryn Mawr College]]) website. Retrieved on December 21, 2007.</ref> 这一性质过于极端，以至于它难以在规模较大、结构复杂的网络中被满足，然而在理解网络与网络预测等方面，它却是一种十分有用的对现实的简化。<ref name=Easley>Easley, D, & Kleinberg, J. (2010). Networks, crowds, and markets: reasoning about a highly connected world. Cornell, NY: Cambridge Univ Pr.</ref>

==History==

==History==

==历史==

==历史==

马克·格兰诺维特 Mark Granovetter在1973年发表的《弱链接的力量》 The Strength of Weak Ties一文使得三元闭包性质变得流行。 在那里，他综合了弗里茨·海德 Fritz Heider于1946年提出的'''<font color="#FF8000">认知平衡理论 The Theory Of Cognitive Balance </font>'''以及Georg Simmel对社会网络的理解。 一般而言，认知平衡是指两个个体对同一事物具有产生相同感觉的倾向。 如果三个个体所组成的三元组没有闭合，那么与同一个体联系的其余两个个体均将想要闭合这一三元组，进而在关系网络中形成闭包。

马克·格兰诺维特 Mark Granovetter在1973年发表的《弱链接的力量》 The Strength of Weak Ties一文使得三元闭包性质变得流行。 <ref>Granovetter, M. (1973). "[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf The Strength of Weak Ties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216103216/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/soc/people/mgranovetter/documents/granstrengthweakties.pdf |date=2008-02-16 }}", American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, Issue 6, May 1360-80.</ref> 在那里，他综合了弗里茨·海德 Fritz Heider于1946年提出的'''<font color="#FF8000">认知平衡理论 The Theory Of Cognitive Balance </font>'''以及Georg Simmel对社会网络的理解。 一般而言，认知平衡是指两个个体对同一事物具有产生相同感觉的倾向。 如果三个个体所组成的三元组没有闭合，那么与同一个体联系的其余两个个体均将想要闭合这一三元组，进而在关系网络中形成闭包。

==Measurements==

==Measurements==