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此词条暂由彩云小译翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。In [[applied physics]], the concept of '''controlling self-organized criticality''' refers to the control of processes by which a [[self-organized]] system dissipates [[energy]]. The objective of the control is to reduce the probability of occurrence of and size of [[energy dissipation]] bursts, often called ''avalanches'', of self-organized systems.  Dissipation of energy in a [[self-organized criticality|self-organized critical]] system into a lower energy state can be costly for society, since it depends on avalanches of all sizes usually following a kind of [[power law]] distribution and large avalanches can be damaging and disruptive.<ref name=cajand10a>{{cite journal

此词条暂由Henry翻译。In [[applied physics]], the concept of '''controlling self-organized criticality''' refers to the control of processes by which a [[self-organized]] system dissipates [[energy]]. The objective of the control is to reduce the probability of occurrence of and size of [[energy dissipation]] bursts, often called ''avalanches'', of self-organized systems.  Dissipation of energy in a [[self-organized criticality|self-organized critical]] system into a lower energy state can be costly for society, since it depends on avalanches of all sizes usually following a kind of [[power law]] distribution and large avalanches can be damaging and disruptive.<ref name=cajand10a>{{cite journal

In applied physics, the concept of controlling self-organized criticality refers to the control of processes by which a self-organized system dissipates energy. The objective of the control is to reduce the probability of occurrence of and size of energy dissipation bursts, often called avalanches, of self-organized systems.  Dissipation of energy in a self-organized critical system into a lower energy state can be costly for society, since it depends on avalanches of all sizes usually following a kind of power law distribution and large avalanches can be damaging and disruptive.<ref name=cajand10a>{{cite journal

In applied physics, the concept of controlling self-organized criticality refers to the control of processes by which a self-organized system dissipates energy. The objective of the control is to reduce the probability of occurrence of and size of energy dissipation bursts, often called avalanches, of self-organized systems.  Dissipation of energy in a self-organized critical system into a lower energy state can be costly for society, since it depends on avalanches of all sizes usually following a kind of power law distribution and large avalanches can be damaging and disruptive.<ref name=cajand10a>{{cite journal

在应用物理学中，控制自组织临界性的概念是指控制自组织系统消耗能量的过程。这种控制的目的是减少自组织系统发生能量耗散爆发(通常称为雪崩)的概率和规模。将一个自我组织的临界系统中的能量耗散到较低的能量状态对社会来说可能是代价高昂的，因为它依赖于各种规模的雪崩，这些雪崩通常遵循一种幂律分布，大规模雪崩可能具有破坏性和破坏性。 10a { cite journal

在应用物理学中，控制自组织临界性的概念是指控制自组织系统消耗能量的过程。这种控制的目的是减少自组织系统发生能量耗散爆发(通常称为雪崩)的概率和规模。将一个自我组织的临界系统中的能量耗散转变到较低的能量状态对社会来说可能是代价高昂的，因为它依赖于各种规模的雪崩，这些雪崩通常遵循一种幂律分布，大规模雪崩可能具有破坏性和破坏性。 10a { cite journal

  | author = D. O. Cajueiro and R. F. S. Andrade

  | author = D. O. Cajueiro and R. F. S. Andrade

  | author = D. O. Cajueiro and R. F. S. Andrade

  | author = D. O. Cajueiro and R. F. S. Andrade

作者 d. o. Cajueiro 和 R.f. s. Andrade

作者 D. O. Cajueiro 和R. F. S. Andrade

  | year = 2010

  | year = 2010

The design of controlled avalanches. Daniel O. Cajueiro and Roberto F. S. Andrade show that if well-formulated small and medium avalanches are exogenously triggered in the system, the energy of the system is released in a way that large avalanches are rarer.

The design of controlled avalanches. Daniel O. Cajueiro and Roberto F. S. Andrade show that if well-formulated small and medium avalanches are exogenously triggered in the system, the energy of the system is released in a way that large avalanches are rarer.

控制雪崩的设计。丹尼尔 · o · 卡约罗(Daniel o. Cajueiro)和罗伯托 · f · s · 安德拉德(Roberto f. s. Andrade)的研究表明，如果配方良好的中小规模雪崩是由系统外部触发的，那么系统的能量释放方式将使大规模雪崩更为罕见。

控制雪崩的设计 Daniel O. Cajueiro和Roberto F. S. Andrade的研究表明，如果配方良好的中小规模雪崩是由系统外部触发的，那么系统的能量释放方式将使大规模雪崩更为罕见。

#'' The modification of the degree of interdependence of the network where the avalanche spreads.'' [[Charles D. Brummitt]], [[Raissa M. D'Souza]] and [[E. A. Leicht]] show that the dynamics of self-organized critical systems on [[complex network]]s depend on connectivity of the complex network. They find that while some connectivity is beneficial (since it suppresses the largest cascades in the system), too much connectivity gives space for the development of very large cascades and increases the size of capacity of the system.<ref name=brum12>{{cite journal

#'' The modification of the degree of interdependence of the network where the avalanche spreads.'' [[Charles D. Brummitt]], [[Raissa M. D'Souza]] and [[E. A. Leicht]] show that the dynamics of self-organized critical systems on [[complex network]]s depend on connectivity of the complex network. They find that while some connectivity is beneficial (since it suppresses the largest cascades in the system), too much connectivity gives space for the development of very large cascades and increases the size of capacity of the system.<ref name=brum12>{{cite journal

  The modification of the degree of interdependence of the network where the avalanche spreads. Charles D. Brummitt, Raissa M. D'Souza and E. A. Leicht show that the dynamics of self-organized critical systems on complex networks depend on connectivity of the complex network. They find that while some connectivity is beneficial (since it suppresses the largest cascades in the system), too much connectivity gives space for the development of very large cascades and increases the size of capacity of the system.<ref name=brum12>{{cite journal

  The modification of the degree of interdependence of the network where the avalanche spreads. Charles D. Brummitt, Raissa M. D'Souza and E. A. Leicht show that the dynamics of self-organized critical systems on complex networks depend on connectivity of the complex network. They find that while some connectivity is beneficial (since it suppresses the largest cascades in the system), too much connectivity gives space for the development of very large cascades and increases the size of capacity of the system.<ref name=brum12>{{cite journal

雪崩蔓延地区网络相互依赖程度的修正。Charles d. Brummitt，Raissa m. d’ souza 和 e. a. lecht 证明了复杂网络上自组织临界系统的动力学依赖于复杂网络的连通性。他们发现，虽然有些连通性是有益的(因为它压制了系统中最大的级联) ，但过多的连通性为非常大的级联的发展提供了空间，并增加了系统的容量。 12{ cite journal

雪崩蔓延地区网络相互依赖程度的修正：Charles D. Brummitt，Raissa M. D'Souza和 E. A. Leicht 证明了复杂网络上自组织临界系统的动力学依赖于复杂网络的连通性。他们发现，虽然有些连通性是有益的(因为它压制了系统中最大的级联) ，但过多的连通性为非常大的级联的发展提供了空间，并增加了系统的容量。

  | author = C. D. Brummitt, R. M. D'Souza and E. A. Leicht

  | author = C. D. Brummitt, R. M. D'Souza and E. A. Leicht

  The modification of the deposition process of the self-organized system.  Pierre-Andre Noel, Charles D. Brummitt and Raissa M. D'Souza show that it is possible to control the self-organized system by modifying the natural deposition process of the self-organized system adjusting the place where the avalanche starts.<ref name=noel13>{{cite journal

  The modification of the deposition process of the self-organized system.  Pierre-Andre Noel, Charles D. Brummitt and Raissa M. D'Souza show that it is possible to control the self-organized system by modifying the natural deposition process of the self-organized system adjusting the place where the avalanche starts.<ref name=noel13>{{cite journal

自组织系统沉积工艺的改进。Pierre-andre Noel、 Charles d. Brummitt 和 Raissa m. d’ souza 指出，通过改变自组织系统的自然沉积过程，调整雪崩开始的位置，可以控制自组织系统。 13{ cite journal

自组织系统沉积工艺的改进。 Pierre-Andre Noel、Charles D. Brummitt和Raissa M. D'Souza 指出，通过改变自组织系统的自然沉积过程，调整雪崩开始的位置，可以控制自组织系统。

  | author = P. A. Noel, C. D. Brummitt and R. M. D'Souza

  | author = P. A. Noel, C. D. Brummitt and R. M. D'Souza

#'' Dynamically modifying the local thresholds of cascading failures.'' In a model of an electric transmission network, Heiko Hoffmann and David W. Payton demonstrated that either randomly upgrading lines (sort of like preventive maintenance) or upgrading broken lines to a random breakage threshold suppresses self-organized criticality.<ref name=hh2014>{{cite journal

#'' Dynamically modifying the local thresholds of cascading failures.'' In a model of an electric transmission network, Heiko Hoffmann and David W. Payton demonstrated that either randomly upgrading lines (sort of like preventive maintenance) or upgrading broken lines to a random breakage threshold suppresses self-organized criticality.<ref name=hh2014>{{cite journal

  Dynamically modifying the local thresholds of cascading failures. In a model of an electric transmission network, Heiko Hoffmann and David W. Payton demonstrated that either randomly upgrading lines (sort of like preventive maintenance) or upgrading broken lines to a random breakage threshold suppresses self-organized criticality.<ref name=hh2014>{{cite journal

  Dynamically modifying the local thresholds of cascading failures. In a model of an electric transmission network, Heiko Hoffmann and David W. Payton demonstrated that either randomly upgrading lines (sort of like preventive maintenance) or upgrading broken lines to a random breakage threshold suppresses self-organized criticality.<ref name=hh2014>{{cite journal

动态修改级联故障的局部阈值。在一个电力传输网络模型中，Heiko Hoffmann 和 David w. Payton 证明，要么随机升级线路(类似于预防性维护) ，要么将破损线路升级到随机破损阈值抑制自组织临界性。 2014{ cite journal

动态修改级联故障的局部阈值；在一个电力传输网络模型中， Heiko Hoffmann 和 David W. Payton 证明，要么随机升级线路(类似于预防性维护) ，要么将破损线路升级到随机破损阈值抑制自组织临界性。 2014{ cite journal

  | author = H. Hoffmann and D. W. Payton

  | author = H. Hoffmann and D. W. Payton

  }}</ref> Apparently, these strategies undermine the self-organization of large critical clusters. Here, a critical cluster is a collection of transmission lines that are near the failure threshold and that collapse entirely if triggered.

  }}</ref> Apparently, these strategies undermine the self-organization of large critical clusters. Here, a critical cluster is a collection of transmission lines that are near the failure threshold and that collapse entirely if triggered.

} / ref 显然，这些策略破坏了大型关键集群的自我组织。在这里，一个临界集群是一组接近故障阈值的传输线，一旦触发，这些传输线就会完全崩溃。

显然，这些策略破坏了大型关键集群的自我组织。在这里，一个临界集群是一组接近故障阈值的传输线，一旦触发，这些传输线就会完全崩溃。

== Applications ==

== Applications ==

  Forest fires in areas susceptible to a lightning bolt or a match lighting.  

  Forest fires in areas susceptible to a lightning bolt or a match lighting.  

# [[Cascading failure|Cascades of load shedding]] that take place in power grids (a type of [[power outage]]). The [[power outage#OPA model|OPA model]] is used to study different techniques for criticality control.

# [[Cascading failure|Cascades of load shedding]] that take place in power grids (a type of [[power outage]]). The [[power outage#OPA model|OPA model]] is used to study different techniques for criticality control.

  Cascades of load shedding that take place in power grids (a type of power outage). The OPA model is used to study different techniques for criticality control.

  Cascades of load shedding that take place in power grids (a type of power outage). The OPA model is used to study different techniques for criticality control.

电网中发生的减载级联(断电的一种形式)。利用 OPA 模型研究了不同的临界控制技术。

电网中发生的减载级联(断电的一种形式)。利用OPA模型研究了不同的临界控制技术。

# [[Cascading failure]] in the internet switching fabric.

# [[Cascading failure]] in the internet switching fabric.

*[[Abelian sandpile model]]

*[[Abelian sandpile model]]

 

*[[Complex network]]s

*[[Complex network]]s

 

*[[Self-organized criticality]]

*[[Self-organized criticality]]