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| − | | '''Find Extremum''' | + | | '''寻找极值Find Extremum''' |
| − | | Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
| + | | 查找数据集中在某属性的某范围内具有极端取值的数据案例。 |
| − | | What are the top/bottom N data cases with respect to attribute A?
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| − | | ''- What is the car with the highest MPG?''
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| − | ''- What director/film has won the most awards?''
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| − | ''- What Marvel Studios film has the most recent release date?''
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| − | | '''Sort'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, rank them according to some ordinal metric.
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| − | | What is the sorted order of a set S of data cases according to their value of attribute A?
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| − | | ''- Order the cars by weight.''
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| − | ''- Rank the cereals by calories.''
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| − | | '''Determine Range'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and an attribute of interest, find the span of values within the set.
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| − | | What is the range of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| − | | ''- What is the range of film lengths?''
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| − | ''- What is the range of car horsepowers?''
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| − | ''- What actresses are in the data set?''
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| − | | '''Characterize Distribution'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and a quantitative attribute of interest, characterize the distribution of that attribute's values over the set.
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| − | | What is the distribution of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| − | | ''- What is the distribution of carbohydrates in cereals?''
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| − | ''- What is the age distribution of shoppers?''
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| − | | '''Find Anomalies'''
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| − | | Identify any anomalies within a given set of data cases with respect to a given relationship or expectation, e.g. statistical outliers.
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases have unexpected/exceptional values?
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| − | | ''- Are there exceptions to the relationship between horsepower and acceleration?''
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| − | ''- Are there any outliers in protein?''
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| − | | '''Cluster'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, find clusters of similar attribute values.
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases are similar in value for attributes {X, Y, Z, ...}?
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| − | | ''- Are there groups of cereals w/ similar fat/calories/sugar?''
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| − | ''- Is there a cluster of typical film lengths?''
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| − | | '''Correlate'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and two attributes, determine useful relationships between the values of those attributes.
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| − | | What is the correlation between attributes X and Y over a given set S of data cases?
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| − | | ''- Is there a correlation between carbohydrates and fat?''
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| − | ''- Is there a correlation between country of origin and MPG?''
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| − | ''- Do different genders have a preferred payment method?''
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| − | ''- Is there a trend of increasing film length over the years?''
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| − | | ''' [[Contextualization (computer science)|Contextualization]]<ref name="ConTaaS"/>'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, find contextual relevancy of the data to the users.
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases are relevant to the current users' context?
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| − | | ''- Are there groups of restaurants that have foods based on my current caloric intake?''
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| − | ''- Which funds underperformed the SP-500?''
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| − | - Which funds underperformed the SP-500?
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| − | “-哪些基金的表现不如 SP-500？”
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| − | | '''Compute Derived Value'''
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| − | | Compute Derived Value
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>计算派生值Compute Derived Value</font>'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, compute an aggregate numeric representation of those data cases.
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, compute an aggregate numeric representation of those data cases.
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| − | | 给定一组数据案例，计算这些数据案例以聚合形式表示的数值。
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| − | | What is the value of aggregation function F over a given set S of data cases?
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| − | | What is the value of aggregation function F over a given set S of data cases?
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>聚合函数aggregation function </font>'''F 在给定数据集 S 上的值是多少？
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| − | | ''- What is the average calorie content of Post cereals?''
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| − | | - What is the average calorie content of Post cereals?
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| − | | “-'''<font color='#ff8000'>波斯特谷物Post cereals</font>'''的平均热量是多少？”
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| − | ''- What is the gross income of all stores combined?''
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| − | - What is the gross income of all stores combined?
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| − | “-所有商店的总收入是多少？”
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| − | ''- How many manufacturers of cars are there?''
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| − | - How many manufacturers of cars are there?
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| − | “-有多少汽车制造商？”
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| − | | '''Find Extremum'''
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| − | | Find Extremum
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>寻找极值Find Extremum</font>'''
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| − | | |
| − | | Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
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| − | | |
| − | | Find data cases possessing an extreme value of an attribute over its range within the data set.
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| − | | 查找数据集中在某属性的某范围内具有极端取值的数据案例。 | |
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| − | | What are the top/bottom N data cases with respect to attribute A?
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| − | | What are the top/bottom N data cases with respect to attribute A?
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| | | 属性 A 的顶部或底部的 N 个数据案例是什么？ | | | 属性 A 的顶部或底部的 N 个数据案例是什么？ |
| − | | + | | “- 有最高 MPG 的汽车是什么？” |
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| − | | ''- What is the car with the highest MPG?''
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| − | | - What is the car with the highest MPG?
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| − | |“- 有最高 MPG 的汽车是什么？” | |
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| − | ''- What director/film has won the most awards?''
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| − | - What director/film has won the most awards?
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| | “- 哪个导演/哪部电影获奖最多？” | | “- 哪个导演/哪部电影获奖最多？” |
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| − | ''- What Marvel Studios film has the most recent release date?''
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| − | - What Marvel Studios film has the most recent release date?
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| | “- 哪部漫威电影公司的电影具有最近上映的日期？” | | “- 哪部漫威电影公司的电影具有最近上映的日期？” |
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| − | | + | | '''排序 Sort''' |
| − | | '''Sort''' | |
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| − | | Sort
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>排序Sort</font>'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, rank them according to some ordinal metric.
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, rank them according to some ordinal metric.
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| | | 给定一组数据案例，根据某种顺序度量对它们进行排序。 | | | 给定一组数据案例，根据某种顺序度量对它们进行排序。 |
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| − | | What is the sorted order of a set S of data cases according to their value of attribute A?
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| − | | What is the sorted order of a set S of data cases according to their value of attribute A?
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| | | 根据属性 A 的值，一组数据案例 S 怎样排序？ | | | 根据属性 A 的值，一组数据案例 S 怎样排序？ |
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| − | | ''- Order the cars by weight.''
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| − | | - Order the cars by weight.
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| | | “-按重量给汽车排序。” | | | “-按重量给汽车排序。” |
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| − | ''- Rank the cereals by calories.''
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| − | - Rank the cereals by calories.
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| | “- 按卡路里排列谷物。” | | “- 按卡路里排列谷物。” |
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| − | | + | | '''确定范围 Determine Range''' |
| − | | '''Determine Range''' | |
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| − | | Determine Range
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>确定范围Determine Range</font>'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and an attribute of interest, find the span of values within the set.
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and an attribute of interest, find the span of values within the set.
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| | | 给定一组数据案例和一个感兴趣的属性，查找该组中的值的范围。 | | | 给定一组数据案例和一个感兴趣的属性，查找该组中的值的范围。 |
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| − | | What is the range of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| − | | What is the range of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| | | 在一组数据案例 S 中，属性 A 的值范围是多少？ | | | 在一组数据案例 S 中，属性 A 的值范围是多少？ |
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| − | | ''- What is the range of film lengths?''
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| − | | - What is the range of film lengths?
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| | | “-胶卷的长度范围是多少？” | | | “-胶卷的长度范围是多少？” |
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| − | ''- What is the range of car horsepowers?''
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| − | - What is the range of car horsepowers?
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| | “-汽车的马力范围是多少？” | | “-汽车的马力范围是多少？” |
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| − | ''- What actresses are in the data set?''
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| − | - What actresses are in the data set?
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| | “-数据库里有哪些女演员？” | | “-数据库里有哪些女演员？” |
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| − | | + | | '''特征分布 Characterize Distribution''' |
| − | | '''Characterize Distribution''' | |
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| − | | Characterize Distribution
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>特征分布Characterize Distribution</font>'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and a quantitative attribute of interest, characterize the distribution of that attribute's values over the set.
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and a quantitative attribute of interest, characterize the distribution of that attribute's values over the set.
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| | | 给定一组数据案例和一个感兴趣的定量属性，刻画该属性值在该集上的分布情况。 | | | 给定一组数据案例和一个感兴趣的定量属性，刻画该属性值在该集上的分布情况。 |
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| − | | What is the distribution of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| − | | What is the distribution of values of attribute A in a set S of data cases?
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| | | 属性 A 的值在一组数据案例 S 中的分布情况如何？ | | | 属性 A 的值在一组数据案例 S 中的分布情况如何？ |
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| − | | ''- What is the distribution of carbohydrates in cereals?''
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| − | | - What is the distribution of carbohydrates in cereals?
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| | |“-谷物中碳水化合物的分布情况如何？” | | |“-谷物中碳水化合物的分布情况如何？” |
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| − | ''- What is the age distribution of shoppers?''
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| − | - What is the age distribution of shoppers?
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| | “-购物者的年龄分布情况如何？” | | “-购物者的年龄分布情况如何？” |
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| − | | + | | '''寻找异常值 Find Anomalies''' |
| − | | '''Find Anomalies''' | |
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| − | | Find Anomalies
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>寻找异常值Find Anomalies</font>'''
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| − | | Identify any anomalies within a given set of data cases with respect to a given relationship or expectation, e.g. statistical outliers.
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| − | | Identify any anomalies within a given set of data cases with respect to a given relationship or expectation, e.g. statistical outliers.
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| | | 识别给定数据集中与给定关系或期望有关的任何异常值，例如统计异常值。 | | | 识别给定数据集中与给定关系或期望有关的任何异常值，例如统计异常值。 |
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases have unexpected/exceptional values?
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases have unexpected/exceptional values?
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| | | 在一组数据案例中，哪些数据案例具有意外的或异常的取值？ | | | 在一组数据案例中，哪些数据案例具有意外的或异常的取值？ |
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| − | | ''- Are there exceptions to the relationship between horsepower and acceleration?''
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| − | | - Are there exceptions to the relationship between horsepower and acceleration?
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| | |“-马力和加速度之间的关系有例外吗？” | | |“-马力和加速度之间的关系有例外吗？” |
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| − | ''- Are there any outliers in protein?''
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| − | - Are there any outliers in protein?
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| | “-蛋白质是否有异常值？” | | “-蛋白质是否有异常值？” |
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| | + | | '''集群 Cluster''' |
| | + | |给定一组数据案例，找出相似属性值的集群。 |
| | + | |一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例在属性{ X, Y, Z, ... }的值上相似？ |
| | + | |“-有没有含脂肪 / 卡路里 / 糖类似的谷类食物？” |
| | + | “-是否有一组典型的电影长度？” |
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| | + | | '''相关 Correlate''' |
| | + | | 给定一组数据案例和两个属性，确定这些属性值之间的有用关系。 |
| | + | | 在给定的数据案例集 S 中，属性 X 和 Y 之间的相关性是什么？ |
| | + | |“-碳水化合物和脂肪之间有关系吗？” |
| | + | “-起源国和 MPG 之间有联系吗？” |
| | + | “- 不同性别是否倾向不同的付款方式？” |
| | + | “- 电影长度是否有逐年增加的趋势？” |
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| | + | | ''' 语境化 Contextualization<ref name="ConTaaS"/>''' |
| | + | | 给定一组数据案例，找出数据与用户语境化的相关性。 |
| | + | | 一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例与当前用户的语境相关？ |
| | + | |“-是否有几组餐馆根据我目前摄入的热量来提供食物？” |
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| − | | '''Cluster'''
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| − | | Cluster
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| − | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>Cluster 集群<font>'''
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, find clusters of similar attribute values.
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, find clusters of similar attribute values.
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| | | | |
| − | | 给定一组数据案例，找出相似属性值的集群。
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases are similar in value for attributes {X, Y, Z, ...}? | + | | '''Cluster''' |
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases are similar in value for attributes {X, Y, Z, ...}? | + | | Cluster |
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| − | | 一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例在属性{ X, Y, Z, ... }的值上相似？ | + | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>Cluster 集群<font>''' |
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| − | | ''- Are there groups of cereals w/ similar fat/calories/sugar?''
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| − | | - Are there groups of cereals w/ similar fat/calories/sugar?
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| | + | |给定一组数据案例，找出相似属性值的集群。 |
| | + | |一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例在属性{ X, Y, Z, ... }的值上相似？ |
| | |“-有没有含脂肪 / 卡路里 / 糖类似的谷类食物？” | | |“-有没有含脂肪 / 卡路里 / 糖类似的谷类食物？” |
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| − | ''- Is there a cluster of typical film lengths?''
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| − | - Is there a cluster of typical film lengths?
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| | “-是否有一组典型的电影长度？” | | “-是否有一组典型的电影长度？” |
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| | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>相关Correlate</font>''' | | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>相关Correlate</font>''' |
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and two attributes, determine useful relationships between the values of those attributes.
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| − | | Given a set of data cases and two attributes, determine useful relationships between the values of those attributes.
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| | | 给定一组数据案例和两个属性，确定这些属性值之间的有用关系。 | | | 给定一组数据案例和两个属性，确定这些属性值之间的有用关系。 |
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| − | | What is the correlation between attributes X and Y over a given set S of data cases?
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| − | | What is the correlation between attributes X and Y over a given set S of data cases?
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| | | 在给定的数据案例集 S 中，属性 X 和 Y 之间的相关性是什么？ | | | 在给定的数据案例集 S 中，属性 X 和 Y 之间的相关性是什么？ |
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| − | | ''- Is there a correlation between carbohydrates and fat?''
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| − | | - Is there a correlation between carbohydrates and fat?
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| | |“-碳水化合物和脂肪之间有关系吗？” | | |“-碳水化合物和脂肪之间有关系吗？” |
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| − | ''- Is there a correlation between country of origin and MPG?''
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| − | - Is there a correlation between country of origin and MPG?
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| | “-起源国和 MPG 之间有联系吗？” | | “-起源国和 MPG 之间有联系吗？” |
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| − | ''- Do different genders have a preferred payment method?''
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| − | - Do different genders have a preferred payment method?
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| − | “- 不同性别是否倾向不同的付款方式？”
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| − | ''- Is there a trend of increasing film length over the years?''
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| − | - Is there a trend of increasing film length over the years?
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| − | “- 电影长度是否有逐年增加的趋势？”
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| | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>语境化Contextualization</font>''' | | | '''<font color='#ff8000'>语境化Contextualization</font>''' |
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, find contextual relevancy of the data to the users.
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| − | | Given a set of data cases, find contextual relevancy of the data to the users.
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| | | 给定一组数据案例，找出数据与用户语境化的相关性。 | | | 给定一组数据案例，找出数据与用户语境化的相关性。 |
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases are relevant to the current users' context?
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| − | | Which data cases in a set S of data cases are relevant to the current users' context?
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| | | 一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例与当前用户的语境相关？ | | | 一组数据案例中的哪些数据案例与当前用户的语境相关？ |
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| − | | ''- Are there groups of restaurants that have foods based on my current caloric intake?''
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| − | | - Are there groups of restaurants that have foods based on my current caloric intake?
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| | |“-是否有几组餐馆根据我目前摄入的热量来提供食物？” | | |“-是否有几组餐馆根据我目前摄入的热量来提供食物？” |
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