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Various principles have been proposed by diverse authors for over a century. According to Glansdorff and Prigogine (1971, page 15),in general, these principles apply only to systems that can be described by thermodynamical variables, in which dissipative processes dominate by excluding large deviations from statistical equilibrium. The thermodynamical variables are defined subject to the kinematical requirement of local thermodynamic equilibrium. This means that collisions between molecules are so frequent that chemical and radiative processes do not disrupt the local Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities.

Various principles have been proposed by diverse authors for over a century. According to Glansdorff and Prigogine (1971, page 15),in general, these principles apply only to systems that can be described by thermodynamical variables, in which dissipative processes dominate by excluding large deviations from statistical equilibrium. The thermodynamical variables are defined subject to the kinematical requirement of local thermodynamic equilibrium. This means that collisions between molecules are so frequent that chemical and radiative processes do not disrupt the local Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities.

一个多世纪以来，不同的作者提出了各种原则。根据Glansdorff和Prigogine(1971年，第15页)，一般来说，这些原则只适用于可以用热力学变量来描述的系统，在这些系统中，耗散过程通过排除统计平衡的巨大偏差而占主导地位。热力学变量的定义要符合局部热力学平衡的运动学要求。这意味着分子之间的碰撞非常频繁，化学和辐射过程不会破坏分子速度的局部麦克斯韦•波兹曼分布。

一个多世纪以来，不同的作者提出了各种原则。根据《Glansdorff和Prigogine》(1971年，第15页)，一般来说，这些原则只适用于可以用热力学变量来描述的系统，在这些系统中，耗散过程通过排除统计平衡的巨大偏差而占主导地位。热力学变量的定义要符合局部热力学平衡的运动学要求。这意味着分子之间的碰撞非常频繁，化学和辐射过程不会破坏分子速度的局部麦克斯韦•波兹曼分布。

==Linear and non-linear processes==

==Linear and non-linear processes==