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A cause precedes its effect: the causal event occurs before the event it causes or affects. Birth, for example, follows a successful conception and not vice versa. Thus causality is intimately bound up with time's arrow.

A cause precedes its effect: the causal event occurs before the event it causes or affects. Birth, for example, follows a successful conception and not vice versa. Thus causality is intimately bound up with time's arrow.

原因先于结果: 因果事件发生在它引起或影响的事件之前。例如，出生遵循一个成功的概念，而不是相反。因此，因果关系与时间之箭密切相关。

原因先于结果: 原因发生在它引起或影响的事件之前。例如，出生遵循一个成功的概念，反之则为谬误。因此，因果关系与时间之箭密切相关。

An epistemological problem with using causality as an arrow of time is that, as David Hume maintained, the causal relation per se cannot be perceived; one only perceives sequences of events. Furthermore, it is surprisingly difficult to provide a clear explanation of what the terms cause and effect really mean, or to define the events to which they refer. However, it does seem evident that dropping a cup of water is a cause while the cup subsequently shattering and spilling the water is the effect.

An epistemological problem with using causality as an arrow of time is that, as David Hume maintained, the causal relation per se cannot be perceived; one only perceives sequences of events. Furthermore, it is surprisingly difficult to provide a clear explanation of what the terms cause and effect really mean, or to define the events to which they refer. However, it does seem evident that dropping a cup of water is a cause while the cup subsequently shattering and spilling the water is the effect.

用因果关系作为时间箭头的认识论问题在于，正如大卫 · 休谟所坚持的那样，因果关系本身不能被感知; 人们只能感知事件的序列。此外，要对因果这两个术语的真正含义提供一个清晰的解释，或者定义它们所指的事件，是非常困难的。然而，看起来很明显，掉落一杯水是一个原因，而杯子随后粉碎和溢出的水是影响。

用因果关系作为时间箭头的认识论问题在于，正如大卫 · 休谟所坚持的那样，因果关系本身不能被感知; 人们只能感知事件的序列。此外，要对因果这两个术语的真正含义提供一个清晰的解释，或者定义它们所指的事件，是非常困难的。然而，我们可以明确分辨，装有水的杯子掉落是一个原因，而随后杯子粉碎和溢出水是影响。

Physically speaking, the perception of cause and effect in the dropped cup example is a phenomenon of the thermodynamic arrow of time, a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. Controlling the future, or causing something to happen, creates correlations between the doer and the effect, and these can only be created as we move forwards in time, not backwards.

Physically speaking, the perception of cause and effect in the dropped cup example is a phenomenon of the thermodynamic arrow of time, a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics. Controlling the future, or causing something to happen, creates correlations between the doer and the effect, and these can only be created as we move forwards in time, not backwards.

 

 

 

 

=== Particle physics (weak) arrow of time ===

=== Particle physics (weak) arrow of time ===