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The goal of self-replication in space systems is to exploit large amounts of matter with a low launch mass. For example, an autotrophic self-replicating machine could cover a moon or planet with solar cells, and beam the power to the Earth using microwaves. Once in place, the same machinery that built itself could also produce raw materials or manufactured objects, including transportation systems to ship the products. Another model of self-replicating machine would copy itself through the galaxy and universe, sending information back.
The goal of self-replication in space systems is to exploit large amounts of matter with a low launch mass. For example, an autotrophic self-replicating machine could cover a moon or planet with solar cells, and beam the power to the Earth using microwaves. Once in place, the same machinery that built itself could also produce raw materials or manufactured objects, including transportation systems to ship the products. Another model of self-replicating machine would copy itself through the galaxy and universe, sending information back.
太空系统中自复制的目标是利用低发射质量的大量物质。例如，一个自养自复制机械可以用太阳能电池覆盖月球或行星，并通过微波将能量传送到地球。一旦就位，自己建造的同样的机器也可以生产原材料或制成品，包括运输产品的运输系统。另一个自复制机械模型会在星系和宇宙中复制自己，把信息传回来。
Much of the design study was concerned with a simple, flexible chemical system for processing lunar regolith, and the differences between the ratio of elements needed by the replicator, and the ratios available in regolith. The limiting element was Chlorine, an essential element to process regolith for Aluminium. Chlorine is very rare in lunar regolith, and a substantially faster rate of reproduction could be assured by importing modest amounts.
Much of the design study was concerned with a simple, flexible chemical system for processing lunar regolith, and the differences between the ratio of elements needed by the replicator, and the ratios available in regolith. The limiting element was Chlorine, an essential element to process regolith for Aluminium. Chlorine is very rare in lunar regolith, and a substantially faster rate of reproduction could be assured by importing modest amounts.
大部分的设计研究都关注于采用一个简单、灵活的化学系统来处理月球表面的风化层，以及复制因子所需要的元素比率和从风化层中获得的元素比率之间的差异。限制元素是氯，它是处理风化层以获得铝的一个必不可少的元素。氯在月球的风化层中非常罕见，通过投入适量的氯，可以保证更快的生殖速度。
A "casting robot" would use a robotic arm with a few sculpting tools to make plaster molds. Plaster molds are easy to make, and make precise parts with good surface finishes. The robot would then cast most of the parts either from non-conductive molten rock (basalt) or purified metals. An electric oven melted the materials.
A "casting robot" would use a robotic arm with a few sculpting tools to make plaster molds. Plaster molds are easy to make, and make precise parts with good surface finishes. The robot would then cast most of the parts either from non-conductive molten rock (basalt) or purified metals. An electric oven melted the materials.
一个“铸造机器人”将使用一个机械手臂和一些雕刻工具来制作石膏模具。石膏模具易于制作，而且能够生产表面光洁度好且精密的零件。然后，机器人将用非导电熔岩(玄武岩)或纯金属铸造大部分零件。它内部的电炉可将这些材料熔化。
A speculative, more complex "chip factory" was specified to produce the computer and electronic systems, but the designers also said that it might prove practical to ship the chips from Earth as if they were "vitamins".
A speculative, more complex "chip factory" was specified to produce the computer and electronic systems, but the designers also said that it might prove practical to ship the chips from Earth as if they were "vitamins".
他们提出了一个探索性的、更为复杂的“芯片工厂”来生产计算机和电子系统，但设计师们还表示，将这些芯片像“维生素”一样从地球运输出去，可能会被证明是可行的。
Nanotechnologists in particular believe that their work will likely fail to reach a state of maturity until human beings design a self-replicating assembler of nanometer dimensions [http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/4.11.3.htm].
Nanotechnologists in particular believe that their work will likely fail to reach a state of maturity until human beings design a self-replicating assembler of nanometer dimensions [http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/4.11.3.htm].
纳米技术学家尤其相信，在人类设计出一种纳米尺度的自复制组装器之前，他们的工作很可能无法达到成熟的状态。 Molecularassembler.com/ksrm/4.11.3.htm.
These systems are substantially simpler than autotrophic systems, because they are provided with purified feedstocks and energy. They do not have to reproduce them. This distinction is at the root of some of the controversy about whether molecular manufacturing is possible or not. Many authorities who find it impossible are clearly citing sources for complex autotrophic self-replicating systems. Many of the authorities who find it possible are clearly citing sources for much simpler self-assembling systems, which have been demonstrated. In the meantime, a Lego-built autonomous robot able to follow a pre-set track and assemble an exact copy of itself, starting from four externally provided components, was demonstrated experimentally in 2003 [http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/3.23.4.htm].
These systems are substantially simpler than autotrophic systems, because they are provided with purified feedstocks and energy. They do not have to reproduce them. This distinction is at the root of some of the controversy about whether molecular manufacturing is possible or not. Many authorities who find it impossible are clearly citing sources for complex autotrophic self-replicating systems. Many of the authorities who find it possible are clearly citing sources for much simpler self-assembling systems, which have been demonstrated. In the meantime, a Lego-built autonomous robot able to follow a pre-set track and assemble an exact copy of itself, starting from four externally provided components, was demonstrated experimentally in 2003 [http://www.MolecularAssembler.com/KSRM/3.23.4.htm].
这些系统比自养系统简单得多，因为它们可被提供纯净的原料和能源。它们不需要再生这些材料。这种区别是关于分子制造是否可行的一些争论的根源。许多权威认为这是不可能的，他们明确地引证了复杂自养自复制系统的资料；而许多认同这种可能性的权威人士清楚地引用了已经被证明的更简单的自组装系统的资料。与此同时，2003年的一项实验展示了一个乐高积木自主机器人，它能够按照预先设定的轨道，从外部提供的4个组件开始，精确地组装出自己的复制品。 Molecularassembler.com/ksrm/3.23.4.htm.
In 2011, New York University scientists have developed artificial structures that can self-replicate, a process that has the potential to yield new types of materials. They have demonstrated that it is possible to replicate not just molecules like cellular DNA or RNA, but discrete structures that could in principle assume many different shapes, have many different functional features, and be associated with many different types of chemical species.
In 2011, New York University scientists have developed artificial structures that can self-replicate, a process that has the potential to yield new types of materials. They have demonstrated that it is possible to replicate not just molecules like cellular DNA or RNA, but discrete structures that could in principle assume many different shapes, have many different functional features, and be associated with many different types of chemical species.
2011年，纽约大学的科学家们开发出了可自复制的人造结构，这一过程有产生新型材料的潜力。他们已经证明，这种结构不仅可以复制像细胞 DNA 或 RNA 这样的分子，而且可以复制能够呈现许多不同形态、具有许多不同功能特征、并与许多不同类型的化学物种相关联的离散结构。