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A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. A prophecy declared as truth (when it is actually false) may sufficiently influence people, either through fear or logical confusion, so that their reactions ultimately fulfill the once-false prophecy. This term is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton from an article he published in 1948.
A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. A prophecy declared as truth (when it is actually false) may sufficiently influence people, either through fear or logical confusion, so that their reactions ultimately fulfill the once-false prophecy. This term is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton from an article he published in 1948.
自我实现预言预测是一种通过信念和行为之间的正反馈直接或间接实现的一种预测。一个宣布为真理的预言(实际上是假的)可以通过制造恐怖或混乱的逻辑对人们造成很大影响，以至于人们的反应最终实现了曾经的假预言。这个术语来自于社会学家罗伯特·金·莫顿（Robert K. Merton）1948年发表的一篇文章。
===Kelman's varieties===
===Kelman's varieties===
===Self-fulfilling prophecy===
===Self-fulfilling prophecy===
自我实现预言
Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is presented.
Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is presented.
宣传属于不客观的信息，主要用于影响受众和推动议程，通常是通过有选择地提出事实，以鼓励某种特定的合成或感知，或使用负载的语言产生情感，而不是对所提供的信息的理性反应。
{{Main article|Self-fulfilling prophecy}}
{{Main article|Self-fulfilling prophecy}}
| first = Robert K.
| first = Robert K.
A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. A prophecy declared as truth (when it is actually false) may sufficiently influence people, either through fear or logical confusion, so that their reactions ultimately fulfill the once-false prophecy. This term is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton from an article he published in 1948.
自我实现预言预测是一种通过信念和行为之间的正反馈直接或间接实现的一种预测。一个宣布为真理的预言(实际上是假的)可以通过制造恐怖或混乱的逻辑对人们造成很大影响，以至于人们的反应最终实现了曾经的假预言。这个术语来自于社会学家罗伯特·金·莫顿1948年发表的一篇文章。
Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. This form of political power is often aggressive (coercion), and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. Hard power contrasts with soft power, which comes from diplomacy, culture and history.
Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. This form of political power is often aggressive (coercion), and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. Hard power contrasts with soft power, which comes from diplomacy, culture and history.
硬实力对军事和经济手段的运用，以此影响其他政治团体行为或利益。这种形式的政治权力往往是侵略性的(胁迫) ，当一个政治机构强加给另一个军事和/或经济实力较弱的机构时，这种形式的政治权力最为有效。来自外交、文化和历史的软实力与硬实力形成了鲜明的对比。
| title = The Self Fulfilling Prophecy
| title = The Self Fulfilling Prophecy
Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called ''[[Anticonformity (psychology)|anticonformity]]''. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of [[social pressure]].<ref name="Brehm">Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. Academic Press</ref> It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean ''independence''. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct.<ref name="Frager">{{cite journal | last1 = Frager | first1 = R | year = 1970 | title = Conformity and anti-conformity in Japan | url = | journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume = 15 | issue = 3| pages = 203–210 | doi=10.1037/h0029434}}</ref>
Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called ''[[Anticonformity (psychology)|anticonformity]]''. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of [[social pressure]].<ref name="Brehm">Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. Academic Press</ref> It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean ''independence''. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct.<ref name="Frager">{{cite journal | last1 = Frager | first1 = R | year = 1970 | title = Conformity and anti-conformity in Japan | url = | journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume = 15 | issue = 3| pages = 203–210 | doi=10.1037/h0029434}}</ref>
Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called ''anticonformity''. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of social pressure. It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean ''independence''. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct.
抗拒是接受一种观点，这种观点与认为某人对行为自由构成威胁的压力迫使一个人接受。 这种现象也被称为“反一致性”。 虽然结果与影响者的预期相反，但反应性行为是社会压力的结果。 值得注意的是，反整合并不一定意味着“独立”。 在许多研究中，即使影响显然是正确的，电抗也表现为故意拒绝影响。
===Obedience===
===Obedience===