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Solving the above condition <math>(\partial p / \partial V)_T = 0</math> for the van der Waals equation, one can compute the critical point as
Solving the above condition <math>(\partial p / \partial V)_T = 0</math> for the van der Waals equation, one can compute the critical point as
解决上述条件 < math > (partial p/partial v) _ t = 0 </math > 对于范德华方程，可以计算临界点为
解决上述条件(∂p/∂V)T=0，对于范德华方程，可以计算临界点为
The existence of a critical point was first discovered by [[Charles Cagniard de la Tour]] in 1822<ref>{{cite journal |author=Charles Cagniard de la Tour |date=1822 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzNCAAAAcAAJ&q=Cagniard&pg=PA127 |title=Exposé de quelques résultats obtenu par l'action combinée de la chaleur et de la compression sur certains liquides, tels que l'eau, l'alcool, l'éther sulfurique et l'essence de pétrole rectifiée |trans-title=Presentation of some results obtained by the combined action of heat and compression on certain liquids, such as water, alcohol, sulfuric ether (i.e., diethyl ether), and distilled petroleum spirit |journal=Annales de Chimie et de Physique |volume=21 |pages=127–132 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>Berche, B., Henkel, M., Kenna, R (2009) Critical phenomena: 150 years since Cagniard de la Tour. Journal of Physical Studies 13 (3), pp. 3001-1–3001-4.</ref> and named by [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] in 1860<ref>Mendeleev called the critical point the "absolute temperature of boiling" ({{lang-ru|абсолютная температура кипения}}; {{lang-de|absolute Siedetemperatur}}).
The existence of a critical point was first discovered by [[Charles Cagniard de la Tour]] in 1822<ref>{{cite journal |author=Charles Cagniard de la Tour |date=1822 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rzNCAAAAcAAJ&q=Cagniard&pg=PA127 |title=Exposé de quelques résultats obtenu par l'action combinée de la chaleur et de la compression sur certains liquides, tels que l'eau, l'alcool, l'éther sulfurique et l'essence de pétrole rectifiée |trans-title=Presentation of some results obtained by the combined action of heat and compression on certain liquids, such as water, alcohol, sulfuric ether (i.e., diethyl ether), and distilled petroleum spirit |journal=Annales de Chimie et de Physique |volume=21 |pages=127–132 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>Berche, B., Henkel, M., Kenna, R (2009) Critical phenomena: 150 years since Cagniard de la Tour. Journal of Physical Studies 13 (3), pp. 3001-1–3001-4.</ref> and named by [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] in 1860<ref>Mendeleev called the critical point the "absolute temperature of boiling" ({{lang-ru|абсолютная температура кипения}}; {{lang-de|absolute Siedetemperatur}}).
However, the van der Waals equation, based on a mean-field theory, does not hold near the critical point. In particular, it predicts wrong scaling laws.
However, the van der Waals equation, based on a mean-field theory, does not hold near the critical point. In particular, it predicts wrong scaling laws.
然而，基于平均场理论的van der Waals方程在临界点附近并不成立。尤其是，它预测了错误的标度定律
然而，基于平均场理论的van der Waals方程在临界点附近并不成立。尤其是，它预测了错误的标度定律
=== Theory理论 ===
=== Theory理论 ===