更改

* '''涌现 Emergence'''：每个系统内部动力学影响其状态改变和改变能力的方式，可能与其他系统完全不同；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lindberg | first1 = C. | last2 = Schneider | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = Combating infections at Maine Medical Center: Insights into complexity-informed leadership from positive deviance | url = | journal = Leadership | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 229–253 | doi = 10.1177/1742715012468784 }}</ref>

* '''涌现 Emergence'''：每个系统内部动力学影响其状态改变和改变能力的方式，可能与其他系统完全不同；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lindberg | first1 = C. | last2 = Schneider | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = Combating infections at Maine Medical Center: Insights into complexity-informed leadership from positive deviance | url = | journal = Leadership | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 229–253 | doi = 10.1177/1742715012468784 }}</ref>

* '''不可还原 Irreducible''' ：其过程转换是不可逆的，无法还原到其原始状态；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Borzillo | first1 = S. | last2 = Kaminska-Labbe | first2 = R. | year = 2011 | title = Unravelling the dynamics of knowledge creation in communities of practice through complexity theory lenses | url = | journal = Knowledge Management Research & Practice | volume = 9 | issue = | pages = 353–366 | doi = 10.1057/kmrp.2011.13 }}</ref>

* '''不可还原 Irreducible''' ：其过程转换是不可逆的，无法还原到其原始状态；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Borzillo | first1 = S. | last2 = Kaminska-Labbe | first2 = R. | year = 2011 | title = Unravelling the dynamics of knowledge creation in communities of practice through complexity theory lenses | url = | journal = Knowledge Management Research & Practice | volume = 9 | issue = | pages = 353–366 | doi = 10.1057/kmrp.2011.13 }}</ref>

* '''适应性/适应能力 Adaptive/Adaptability'''：同时处于有序和无序状态的系统更具适应性和恢复力；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lindberg | first1 = C. | last2 = Schneider | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = Combating infections at Maine Medical Center: Insights into complexity-informed leadership from positive deviance | url = | journal = Leadership | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 229–253 | doi = 10.1177/1742715012468784 }}</ref>

* '''适应性/适应能力 Adaptive/Adaptability'''：同时处于有序和无序状态的系统更具适应性和韧性；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lindberg | first1 = C. | last2 = Schneider | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = Combating infections at Maine Medical Center: Insights into complexity-informed leadership from positive deviance | url = | journal = Leadership | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 229–253 | doi = 10.1177/1742715012468784 }}</ref>

* '''在有序和混沌之间运行 Operates between order and chaos'''：自适应张力是由系统与其所处环境之间的能量差产生的；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Borzillo | first1 = S. | last2 = Kaminska-Labbe | first2 = R. | year = 2011 | title = Unravelling the dynamics of knowledge creation in communities of practice through complexity theory lenses | url = | journal = Knowledge Management Research & Practice | volume = 9 | issue = | pages = 353–366 | doi = 10.1057/kmrp.2011.13 }}</ref>

* '''在有序和混沌之间运行 Operates between order and chaos'''：自适应张力是由系统与其所处环境之间的能量差产生的；<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Borzillo | first1 = S. | last2 = Kaminska-Labbe | first2 = R. | year = 2011 | title = Unravelling the dynamics of knowledge creation in communities of practice through complexity theory lenses | url = | journal = Knowledge Management Research & Practice | volume = 9 | issue = | pages = 353–366 | doi = 10.1057/kmrp.2011.13 }}</ref>

* '''自组织 Self-organizing''' ：系统由相互依赖、相互作用的组成部分以及系统的多样性组成。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lindberg | first1 = C. | last2 = Schneider | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = Combating infections at Maine Medical Center: Insights into complexity-informed leadership from positive deviance | url = | journal = Leadership | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 229–253 | doi = 10.1177/1742715012468784 }}</ref>

* '''自组织 Self-organizing''' ：系统由相互依赖、相互作用的部分组成以及系统内存在多样性。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lindberg | first1 = C. | last2 = Schneider | first2 = M. | year = 2013 | title = Combating infections at Maine Medical Center: Insights into complexity-informed leadership from positive deviance | url = | journal = Leadership | volume = 9 | issue = 2| pages = 229–253 | doi = 10.1177/1742715012468784 }}</ref>

== 系统的建模与仿真 ==

== 系统的建模与仿真 ==