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| | ==概述== | | ==概述== |
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| − | The field of social dynamics brings together ideas from [[economics]], [[sociology]], [[social psychology]], and other disciplines, and is a sub-field of [[complex adaptive system]]s or [[complexity science]]. The fundamental assumption of the field is that individuals are influenced by one another's behavior. The field is closely related to [[system dynamics]]. Like system dynamics, social dynamics is concerned with changes over time and emphasizes the role of feedbacks. However, in social dynamics individual choices and interactions are typically viewed as the source of aggregate level behavior, while system dynamics posits that the structure of feedbacks and accumulations are responsible for system level dynamics.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sterman|first=John|title=Business Dynamics|year=2000|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=0-07-231135-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/businessdynamics0000ster}}</ref> Research in the field typically takes a behavioral approach, assuming that individuals are [[Bounded rationality|boundedly rational]] and act on local information. Mathematical and computational modeling are important tools for studying social dynamics. This field grew out of work done in the 1940s by [[Game Theory|game theorists]] such as Duncan & Luce, and even earlier works by mathematician [[Armand Borel]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Luce|first=Duncan|title=Games and Decisions|url=https://archive.org/details/gamesdecisions00rdun|url-access=registration|year=1957|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.|isbn= 0486659437}}</ref> Because social dynamics focuses on individual level behavior, and recognizes the importance of heterogeneity across individuals, strict analytic results are often impossible. Instead, approximation techniques, such as [[Mean field theory|mean field approximations]] from [[statistical physics]], or [[computer simulation]]s are used to understand the behaviors of the system. In contrast to more traditional approaches in economics, scholars of social dynamics are often interested in non-equilibrium, or dynamic, behavior.<ref name=durlauf /><ref>{{cite web|title=Brookings Institution, Center for Social Dynamics and Policy|url=http://www.brookings.edu/about/centers/dynamics|accessdate=29 Sep 2012}}</ref> That is, behavior that changes over time.
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| | 社会动力学领域汇集了经济学、社会学、社会心理学等学科的思想，是[[复杂适应系统]]或[[复杂性科学]]的一个子领域。该领域的基本假设是，个体受彼此行为的影响。该领域与[[系统动力学]]密切相关。与系统动力学一样，社会动力学关注随着时间的推移而发生的变化，并强调[[反馈]]的作用。然而，在社会动力学中，个体的选择和相互作用通常被视为总体行为的来源，而系统动力学则假定基于结构的反馈和累积是系统层面出现动力学的原因。<ref>{{cite book|last=Sterman|first=John|title=Business Dynamics|year=2000|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=0-07-231135-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/businessdynamics0000ster}}</ref> | | 社会动力学领域汇集了经济学、社会学、社会心理学等学科的思想，是[[复杂适应系统]]或[[复杂性科学]]的一个子领域。该领域的基本假设是，个体受彼此行为的影响。该领域与[[系统动力学]]密切相关。与系统动力学一样，社会动力学关注随着时间的推移而发生的变化，并强调[[反馈]]的作用。然而，在社会动力学中，个体的选择和相互作用通常被视为总体行为的来源，而系统动力学则假定基于结构的反馈和累积是系统层面出现动力学的原因。<ref>{{cite book|last=Sterman|first=John|title=Business Dynamics|year=2000|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=0-07-231135-5|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/businessdynamics0000ster}}</ref> |
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| | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_norm 社会准则] Social norms | | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_norm 社会准则] Social norms |
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| − | == See also == | + | == 参见 == |
| − | 请参阅
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| − | == Notes== | + | == 参考文献== |
| − | 标注
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| | {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist}} |
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| − | == Further reading == | + | ==进一步阅读== |
| − | 进一步阅读 | |
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| − | *{{cite book|last=Easley|first=David|last2=Klienberg|first2=Jon|title=Networks, Crowds, and Markets|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-521-19533-1}}
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| − | *{{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Matthew O.|title=Social and Economic Networks|year=2008|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=978-0-691-13440-6}}
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| − | == External links ==
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| − | 外部链接
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| − | {{Library resources box
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| − | 是的
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| − | |label=Social dynamics
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| − | |label=Social dynamics
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| − | | label = 社会动态
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| − | * [https://www.academia.edu/35443515/Introduction_to_Social_Macrodynamics_Compact_Macromodels_of_the_World_System_Growth._Moscow_KomKniga_2006 Introduction to Social Macrodynamics]
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| − | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090316225023/http://www.clubofrome.org/docs/limits.rtf Club of Rome report, quote]: "We must also keep in mind the presence of social delays--the delays necessary to allow society to absorb or to prepare for a change. Most delays, physical or social reduce the stability of the world system and increase the likelihood of the overshoot mode"
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| − | * [http://www.northwestern.edu/nico/ Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems]—Institute with research focusing on complexity and social dynamics.
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| − | * [http://www.cscs.umich.edu/ Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan]—Center with research focusing on complexity and social dynamics.
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| − | * [http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/lamberson/teaching/socialdynamics/ Social Dynamics course at the Kellogg School of Management.]
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| − | * [http://social-dynamics.org/ social-dynamics.org]—Blog on Social Dynamics from Kellogg School of Management Social Dynamics Scholar
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| − | * https://archive.is/20020305021324/http://139.142.203.66/pub/www/Journal/vol3/iss2/art4/
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| − | * http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628232019/http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~read/connectionism_preface2.html
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| − | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110217151303/http://www.oeaw.ac.at/byzanz/historicaldynamics.htm "Historical Dynamics in a Time of Crisis: Late Byzantium, 1204–1453" (discussion of social dynamics from the point of view of historical studies)]
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| − | * {{cite journal
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| − | | author = Watts, D.J.
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| − | | author = Watts, D.J.
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| − | 作者: Watts，d.j。
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| − | |author2=Strogatz, S.H.
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| − | |author2=Strogatz, S.H.
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| − | 2 = Strogatz，s.h.
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| − | | year = 1998
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| − | | year = 1998
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| − | 1998年
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| − | | title = Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks
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| − | | title = Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks
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| − | | title = “小世界”网络的集体动态
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| − | | journal = Nature
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| − | | journal = Nature
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| − | | 日志 = 自然
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| − | | volume = 393
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| − | | volume = 393
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| − | | issue = 6684
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| − | 6684
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| − | | pages = 440–442
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| − | | pages = 440–442
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| − | | 页数 = 440-442
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| − | 2012年10月11日
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| − | | doi = 10.1038/30918
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| − | | doi = 10.1038/30918
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| − | | doi = 10.1038/30918
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| − | | pmid = 9623998
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| − | | pmid = 9623998
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| − | 9623998
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| − | | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..440W
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| − | | bibcode = 1998Natur.393..440W
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| − | 1998/natur. 393. . 440 w
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Social Dynamics}}
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| − | [[Category:Social dynamics| ]]
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| − | [[Category:Systems theory]]
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| − | Category:Systems theory
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| − | 范畴: 系统论
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| − | [[Category:Social systems]]
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| − | Category:Social systems
| + | ==外部链接== |
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| − | 类别: 社会系统
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| − | <noinclude>
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| − | <small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Social dynamics]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[社会动力学/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
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| | [[Category:待整理页面]] | | [[Category:待整理页面]] |