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Another textbook writer, C.J. Adkins, explicitly allows thermodynamic equilibrium to occur in a system which is not isolated. His system is, however, closed with respect to transfer of matter. He writes: "In general, the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium will involve both thermal and work-like interactions with the surroundings." He distinguishes such thermodynamic equilibrium from thermal equilibrium, in which only thermal contact is mediating transfer of energy.

Another textbook writer, C.J. Adkins, explicitly allows thermodynamic equilibrium to occur in a system which is not isolated. His system is, however, closed with respect to transfer of matter. He writes: "In general, the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium will involve both thermal and work-like interactions with the surroundings." He distinguishes such thermodynamic equilibrium from thermal equilibrium, in which only thermal contact is mediating transfer of energy.

另一位教科书作者，C.J.Adkins，明确允许热力学平衡在非孤立的系统中发生。然而，他的系统在物质转移方面是封闭的。他写道: “一般来说，热力学平衡的方法包括热和类似变动与周围环境的相互作用。”他将这种热力学平衡与只有热接触才能调解能量传递的热平衡相区别。

另一位教科书作者，C.J.Adkins，明确允许热力学平衡在非孤立的系统中发生。然而，他的系统在物质转移方面是封闭的。他写道: “一般来说，热力学平衡的方法包括热和类似变动与周围环境的相互作用。”他将这种热力学平衡与只有通过热接触才能进行能量传递的热平衡相区别。