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伯努瓦·曼德布洛特 Benoit Mandelbrot (查看源代码)

2020年12月27日 (日) 17:34的版本

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曼德布洛特也将他的想法运用到了宇宙学中。他在1974年对'''<font color="#ff8000"> 奥伯斯佯谬Olbers' paradox </font>'''（“夜空之谜”）提出了新的解释，证明了分形理论的结果是解决悖论的充分非必要条件。他推测，如果宇宙中的恒星是分形分布的（例如像'''<font color="#ff8000"> 康托尔尘埃Cantor dust</font>'''一样），则不必依靠大爆炸理论来解释这一悖论。他的模型不能排除“大爆炸”的发生，但是即使没有发生“大爆炸”，也可以允许黑暗的天空。
 
曼德布洛特也将他的想法运用到了宇宙学中。他在1974年对'''<font color="#ff8000"> 奥伯斯佯谬Olbers' paradox </font>'''（“夜空之谜”）提出了新的解释，证明了分形理论的结果是解决悖论的充分非必要条件。他推测，如果宇宙中的恒星是分形分布的（例如像'''<font color="#ff8000"> 康托尔尘埃Cantor dust</font>'''一样），则不必依靠大爆炸理论来解释这一悖论。他的模型不能排除“大爆炸”的发生，但是即使没有发生“大爆炸”，也可以允许黑暗的天空。
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==Awards and honors==
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== Awards and honors 奖项与荣誉 ==
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Mandelbrot's awards include the [[Wolf Prize]] for Physics in 1993, the [[Lewis Fry Richardson]] Prize of the [[European Geophysical Society]] in 2000, the [[Japan Prize]] in 2003,<ref name=jp>[http://www.japanprize.jp/en/laureates_by_year2000.html Laureates of the Japan Prize]. japanprize.jp</ref> and the Einstein Lectureship of the [[American Mathematical Society]] in 2006.
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Mandelbrot's awards include the [[Wolf Prize]] for Physics in 1993, the [[Lewis Fry Richardson]] Prize of the [[European Geophysical Society]] in 2000, the [[Japan Prize]] in 2003,<ref name=jp>[http://www.japanprize.jp/en/laureates_by_year2000.html Laureates of the Japan Prize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417143540/http://www.japanprize.jp/en/laureates_by_year2000.html |date=17 April 2016 }}. japanprize.jp</ref> and the Einstein Lectureship of the [[American Mathematical Society]] in 2006.
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Mandelbrot's awards include the Wolf Prize for Physics in 1993, the Lewis Fry Richardson Prize of the European Geophysical Society in 2000, the Japan Prize in 2003,[32] and the Einstein Lectureship of the American Mathematical Society in 2006.
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曼德布洛特获得了诸多奖项，包括1993年的沃尔夫物理学奖，2000年的欧洲地球物理学会的Lewis Fry Richardson奖，2003年的日本国际奖以及2006年的美国数学学会的爱因斯坦讲师称号。
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The small asteroid [[27500 Mandelbrot]] was named in his honor. In November 1990, he was made a Chevalier in France's [[Legion of Honour]]. In December 2005, Mandelbrot was appointed to the position of Battelle Fellow at the [[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pnl.gov/news/release.asp?id=141 |title=PNNL press release: Mandelbrot joins Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |publisher=Pnl.gov |date=16 February 2006 |accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref> Mandelbrot was promoted to an Officer of the Legion of Honour in January 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=PREX0508911D |title=''Légion d'honneur'' announcement of promotion of Mandelbrot to ''officier'' |language=fr |publisher=Legifrance.gouv.fr |accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref> An honorary degree from [[Johns Hopkins University]] was bestowed on Mandelbrot in the May 2010 commencement exercises.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gazette.jhu.edu/2010/06/07/six-granted-honorary-degrees-society-of-scholars-inductees-recognized-2/ |title=Six granted honorary degrees, Society of Scholars inductees recognized |publisher=Gazette.jhu.edu |date=7 June 2010 |accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref>
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The small asteroid [[27500 Mandelbrot]] was named in his honor. In November 1990, he was made a Chevalier in France's [[Legion of Honour]]. In December 2005, Mandelbrot was appointed to the position of Battelle Fellow at the [[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pnl.gov/news/release.asp?id=141 |title=PNNL press release: Mandelbrot joins Pacific Northwest National Laboratory |publisher=Pnl.gov |date=16 February 2006 |access-date=17 October 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112155340/http://www.pnl.gov/news/release.asp?id=141 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mandelbrot was promoted to an Officer of the Legion of Honour in January 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=PREX0508911D |title=''Légion d'honneur'' announcement of promotion of Mandelbrot to ''officier'' |language=fr |publisher=Legifrance.gouv.fr |access-date=17 October 2010 |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120141436/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000456787 |url-status=live }}</ref> An honorary degree from [[Johns Hopkins University]] was bestowed on Mandelbrot in the May 2010 commencement exercises.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gazette.jhu.edu/2010/06/07/six-granted-honorary-degrees-society-of-scholars-inductees-recognized-2/ |title=Six granted honorary degrees, Society of Scholars inductees recognized |publisher=Gazette.jhu.edu |date=7 June 2010 |access-date=17 October 2010 |archive-date=17 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617164139/http://gazette.jhu.edu/2010/06/07/six-granted-honorary-degrees-society-of-scholars-inductees-recognized-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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The small asteroid 27500 Mandelbrot was named in his honor. In November 1990, he was made a Chevalier in France's Legion of Honour. In December 2005, Mandelbrot was appointed to the position of Battelle Fellow at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.[33] Mandelbrot was promoted to an Officer of the Legion of Honour in January 2006.[34] An honorary degree from Johns Hopkins University was bestowed on Mandelbrot in the May 2010 commencement exercises.
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后来以他的名字命名了小行星27500 曼德布洛特。1990年11月，他被授予法国荣誉军团勋章。2005年12月，他被任命为太平洋西北国家实验室的巴特尔研究所研究员。于2006年1月晋升为荣誉军团军官。在2010年5月，约翰·霍普金斯大学的毕业典礼上授予曼德布洛特荣誉学位。
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A partial list of awards received by Mandelbrot:<ref name="Vita">{{cite web | author=Mandelbrot, Benoit B. | title=Vita and Awards (Word document) | date=2 February 2006 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601000000*/http://math.yale.edu/mandelbrot/web_docs/VitaSeveralPage.doc | accessdate=6 January 2007}} Retrieved from Internet Archive 15 December 2013.</ref>
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A partial list of awards received by Mandelbrot:<ref name="Vita">{{cite web | author=Mandelbrot, Benoit B. | title=Vita and Awards (Word document) | date=2 February 2006 | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601000000*/http://math.yale.edu/mandelbrot/web_docs/VitaSeveralPage.doc | access-date=6 January 2007}} Retrieved from Internet Archive 15 December 2013.</ref>
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曼德布洛特获得的部分奖励清单：（建议这些奖项不要翻译成中文比较好）
    
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* 2004 Best Business Book of the Year Award
 
* 2004 Best Business Book of the Year Award
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* AMS Einstein Lectureship
 
* AMS Einstein Lectureship
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* Barnard Medal
 
* Barnard Medal
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* Caltech Service
 
* Caltech Service
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* [[Casimir Funk]] Natural Sciences Award
 
* [[Casimir Funk]] Natural Sciences Award
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* [[Charles Proteus Steinmetz]] Medal
 
* [[Charles Proteus Steinmetz]] Medal
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* High School Spelling Bee (1940)
 
* Fellow, American Geophysical Union
 
* Fellow, American Geophysical Union
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* [[Fellow of the American Statistical Association]]<ref>[http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm View/Search Fellows of the ASA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616161612/https://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm |date=16 June 2016 }}, accessed 20 August 2016.</ref>
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* [[Fellow of the American Statistical Association]]<ref>[http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm View/Search Fellows of the ASA], accessed 20 August 2016.</ref>
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* [[Fellow of the American Physical Society]] (1987) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1987&unit_id=&institution=|title=APS Fellow Archive|publisher=APS|access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=20 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120141515/https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1987&unit_id=&institution=|url-status=live}}</ref>
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* [[Fellow of the American Physical Society]] (1987) <ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=&year=1987&unit_id=&institution=|title=APS Fellow Archive|publisher=APS|accessdate= 24 September 2020}} </ref>
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* [[The Franklin Institute Awards|Franklin Medal]]
 
* [[The Franklin Institute Awards|Franklin Medal]]
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* [[Harvey Prize]] (1989)
 
* [[Harvey Prize]] (1989)
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* Honda Prize
 
* Honda Prize
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* Humboldt Preis
 
* Humboldt Preis
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* IBM Fellowship
 
* IBM Fellowship
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* Japan Prize (2003)
 
* Japan Prize (2003)
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* [[John Scott Award]]
 
* [[John Scott Award]]
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* Légion d'honneur ([[Legion of Honour]])
 
* Légion d'honneur ([[Legion of Honour]])
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* Lewis Fry Richardson Medal
 
* Lewis Fry Richardson Medal
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* Medaglia della Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana
 
* Medaglia della Presidenza della Repubblica Italiana
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* Médaille de Vermeil de la Ville de Paris
 
* Médaille de Vermeil de la Ville de Paris
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* Nevada Prize
 
* Nevada Prize
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* Member of the [[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40116|title=Gruppe 1: Matematiske fag|publisher=[[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]]|language=no|access-date=7 October 2010|archive-date=10 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110152102/http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40116|url-status=live}}</ref>
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* Member of the [[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40116|title=Gruppe 1: Matematiske fag|publisher=[[Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters]] | language=Norwegian|accessdate=7 October 2010}}</ref>
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* Science for Art
 
* Science for Art
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* Sven Berggren-Priset
 
* Sven Berggren-Priset
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* Władysław Orlicz Prize
 
* Władysław Orlicz Prize
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* [[Wolf Foundation Prize]] for Physics (1993)
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* [[Wolf Foundation Prize]] for Physics (1993)
      
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== Legacy ==
 
== Legacy ==
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