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热力学平衡是一种独特的稳定定态，当系统长时间与周围环境相互作用时，它可以被接近或最终到达。上述势能是数学构造的热力学量，在特定的环境条件下最小化。
热力学平衡是一种独特的稳定定态，当系统长时间与周围环境相互作用时，它可以被接近或最终到达。上述势能是数学构造的热力学量，在特定的环境条件下最小化。
== Conditions ==
== Conditions 条件==
* For a system with controlled constant temperature and volume, ''A'' is minimum at thermodynamic equilibrium. 对于一个温度和体积可控的系统来说，A是热力学平衡的最小值。
* For a completely isolated system, ''S'' is maximum at thermodynamic equilibrium. 对于一个完全孤立的系统，S在热力学平衡中取最大值。
* For a system with controlled constant temperature and pressure, ''G'' is minimum at thermodynamic equilibrium. 对于一个恒温恒压的系统，G是热力学平衡的最小值。
* For a system with controlled constant temperature and volume, ''A'' is minimum at thermodynamic equilibrium. 对于一个恒定温度和体积的系统来说，A在热力学平衡中取最小值。
* For a system with controlled constant temperature and pressure, ''G'' is minimum at thermodynamic equilibrium. 对于一个恒温恒压的系统，G在热力学平衡中取最小值。
*Two systems are in ''thermal equilibrium'' when their [[temperature]]s are the same. 当两个系统的'''<font color="#ff8000">温度 Temperature</font>'''相同时，它们就处于''热平衡状态''
*Two systems are in ''thermal equilibrium'' when their [[temperature]]s are the same. 当两个系统的'''<font color="#ff8000">温度 Temperature</font>'''相同时，它们就处于''热平衡状态''
*Two systems are in ''mechanical equilibrium'' when their [[pressure]]s are the same. 当两个体系的'''<font color="#ff8000">压力 Pressure</font>'''相同时，它们就处于''机械平衡''
*Two systems are in ''mechanical equilibrium'' when their [[pressure]]s are the same. 当两个体系的'''<font color="#ff8000">压力 Pressure</font>'''相同时，它们就处于''力学平衡''
*Two systems are in ''diffusive equilibrium'' when their [[chemical potential]]s are the same. 当两个题体系的'''<font color="#ff8000">化学势 Chemical Potential</font>'''相同时，它们就处于''扩散平衡''
*Two systems are in ''diffusive equilibrium'' when their [[chemical potential]]s are the same. 当两个题体系的'''<font color="#ff8000">化学势 Chemical Potential</font>'''相同时，它们就处于''扩散平衡''