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2021年2月17日 (三) 14:57的版本

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→‎Critical slowing down and other phenomena 临界慢化和其他现象

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以上现象很特别，但并非无法理解，它们与单轴磁体中铁磁相变的临界指数完全匹配。人们认为这类系统具有同一普适性。这里的普适性是相变的[[重整化群理论]]的一种预测，指出系统在即将相变时的热力学性质仅取决于少数几个特征，例如'''维数dimensionality'''和'''对称性symmetry'''，对系统的基本微观特性并不敏感。同样，相关长度的差异性也是非常重要的因素。

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=== ~~Critical slowing down and other phenomena~~ 临界慢化和其他现象 ===

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=== 临界慢化和其他现象 ===

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There are also other critical phenomena; e.g., besides ''static functions'' there is also ''critical dynamics''. As a consequence, at a phase transition one may observe critical slowing down or ''speeding up''. The large ''static universality classes'' of a continuous phase transition split into smaller ''dynamic universality'' classes. In addition to the critical exponents, there are also universal relations for certain static or dynamic functions of the magnetic fields and temperature differences from the critical value.

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There are also other critical phenomena; e.g., besides static functions there is also critical dynamics. As a consequence, at a phase transition one may observe critical slowing down or speeding up. The large static universality classes of a continuous phase transition split into smaller dynamic universality classes. In addition to the critical exponents, there are also universal relations for certain static or dynamic functions of the magnetic fields and temperature differences from the critical value.

在相变过程中，还存在其他临界现象。例如，除了'''静态函数static functions'''外，还存在临界动态。因此在相变发生时，人们可能会观察到明显的减速或加速现象。连续相变的静态普适性可以被分成更小的动态普适性。除了临界指，磁场的某些静态或动态函数以及与临界值的温差也存在普适性关系。

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=== Percolation theory 渗流理论===

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