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The '''average treatment effect''' ('''ATE''') is a measure used to compare treatments (or interventions) in randomized experiments, evaluation of policy interventions, and medical trials. The ATE measures the difference in [[mean]] (average) outcomes between units assigned to the treatment and units assigned to the control. In a [[randomized trial]] (i.e., an experimental study), the average treatment effect can be [[Estimator|estimated]] from a sample using a comparison in mean outcomes for treated and untreated units. However, the ATE is generally understood as a [[causal]] parameter (i.e., an estimate or property of a [[Statistical population|population]]) that a researcher desires to know, defined without reference to the [[study design]] or estimation procedure. Both [[Observational study|observational]] studies and experimental study designs with random assignment may enable one to estimate an ATE in a variety of ways.
The '''average treatment effect''' ('''ATE''') is a measure used to compare treatments (or interventions) in randomized experiments, evaluation of policy interventions, and medical trials. The ATE measures the difference in [[mean]] (average) outcomes between units assigned to the treatment and units assigned to the control. In a [[randomized trial]] (i.e., an experimental study), the average treatment effect can be [[Estimator|estimated]] from a sample using a comparison in mean outcomes for treated and untreated units. However, the ATE is generally understood as a [[causal]] parameter (i.e., an estimate or property of a [[Statistical population|population]]) that a researcher desires to know, defined without reference to the [[study design]] or estimation procedure. Both [[Observational study|observational]] studies and experimental study designs with random assignment may enable one to estimate an ATE in a variety of ways.
平均治疗效果(Average Treatment Effect, ATE)是在随机试验、政策干预评估和医学试验中用于比较治疗或干预的一种测量方法。平均治疗效果测量分配给治疗的单位和分配给控制的单位之间的<font color="#ff8000">平均 Mean</font>结果的差异。在随机试验或者实验研究中，平均治疗效果可以通过比较样本在治疗单元和未治疗单元的平均结果进行估计获得。然而，ATE 通常被理解为研究人员希望知道的一个因果参数(即一个总体的估计或属性) ，定义时不参考研究设计或估计过程。随机分配的观察性研究和实验性研究设计可能使人们以多种方式估计平均治疗效果。
平均治疗效果(Average Treatment Effect, ATE)是在随机试验、政策干预评估和医学试验中用于比较治疗或干预的一种测量方法。平均治疗效果测量分配给治疗的单位和分配给控制的单位之间的<font color="#ff8000">平均 Mean</font>结果的差异。在随机试验或者实验研究中，平均治疗效果可以通过比较样本在治疗单元和未治疗单元的平均结果进行估计获得。然而，ATE 通常被理解为研究人员希望知道的一个因果参数(即一个总体的估计或属性) ，定义时不参考研究设计或估计过程。随机分配的观察性研究和实验性研究设计可能使人们以多种方式估计平均治疗效果。
== General definition ==
== General definition ==
Originating from early statistical analysis in the fields of agriculture and medicine, the term "treatment" is now applied, more generally, to other fields of natural and social science, especially [[psychology]], [[political science]], and [[economics]] such as, for example, the evaluation of the impact of public policies. The nature of a treatment or outcome is relatively unimportant in the estimation of the ATE—that is to say, calculation of the ATE requires that a treatment be applied to some units and not others, but the nature of that treatment (e.g., a pharmaceutical, an incentive payment, a political advertisement) is irrelevant to the definition and estimation of the ATE.
Originating from early statistical analysis in the fields of agriculture and medicine, the term "treatment" is now applied, more generally, to other fields of natural and social science, especially [[psychology]], [[political science]], and [[economics]] such as, for example, the evaluation of the impact of public policies. The nature of a treatment or outcome is relatively unimportant in the estimation of the ATE—that is to say, calculation of the ATE requires that a treatment be applied to some units and not others, but the nature of that treatment (e.g., a pharmaceutical, an incentive payment, a political advertisement) is irrelevant to the definition and estimation of the ATE.
”治疗”一词起源于农业和医药领域的早期统计分析，现在更广泛地用于自然和社会科学的其他领域，特别是心理学、政治科学和经济学，例如评价公共政策的影响。治疗或结果的性质相对而言并不重要ーー也就是说，治疗能力的计算要求治疗适用于某些单位，而不是其他单位，但治疗的性质(例如药物、奖励性支付、政治广告)与治疗能力的定义和估计无关。
”治疗”一词起源于农业和医药领域的早期统计分析，现在更广泛地用于自然和社会科学的其他领域，特别是心理学、政治科学和经济学，例如评价公共政策的影响。治疗或结果的性质相对而言并不重要ーー也就是说，治疗能力的计算要求治疗适用于某些单位，而不是其他单位，但治疗的性质(例如药物、奖励性支付、政治广告)与治疗能力的定义和估计无关。