21
个编辑
更改
→By study design
One way to classify RCTs is by [[study design]]. From most to least common in the healthcare literature, the major categories of RCT study designs are:<ref name="Hopewell-2010">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hopewell S, Dutton S, Yu LM, Chan AW, Altman DG | title = The quality of reports of randomised trials in 2000 and 2006: comparative study of articles indexed in PubMed | journal = BMJ | volume = 340 | pages = c723 | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.c723 | pmid = 20332510 | pmc = 2844941 }}</ref>
One way to classify RCTs is by [[study design]]. From most to least common in the healthcare literature, the major categories of RCT study designs are:<ref name="Hopewell-2010">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hopewell S, Dutton S, Yu LM, Chan AW, Altman DG | title = The quality of reports of randomised trials in 2000 and 2006: comparative study of articles indexed in PubMed | journal = BMJ | volume = 340 | pages = c723 | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.c723 | pmid = 20332510 | pmc = 2844941 }}</ref>
通过研究设计对 RCT 进行分类。从最常见到最不常见，RCT 研究设计的主要类别是
* [[Parallel study|Parallel-group]] – each participant is randomly assigned to a group, and all the participants in the group receive (or do not receive) an intervention.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Joerg |last2=Niesen |first2=Willem |last3=Probst |first3=Pascal |last4=Bruckner |first4=Thomas |last5=Doerr-Harim |first5=Colette |last6=Strobel |first6=Oliver |last7=Knebel |first7=Phillip |last8=Diener |first8=Markus K. |last9=Mihaljevic |first9=André L. |last10=Büchler |first10=Markus W. |last11=Hackert |first11=Thilo |title=Abdominal drainage versus no drainage after distal pancreatectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |journal=Trials |date=7 June 2019 |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=332 |doi=10.1186/s13063-019-3442-0|pmid=31174583 |pmc=6555976 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farag |first1=Sara M. |last2=Mohammed |first2=Manal O. |last3=EL-Sobky |first3=Tamer A. |last4=ElKadery |first4=Nadia A. |last5=ElZohiery |first5=Abeer K. |title=Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |journal=JBJS Reviews |date=March 2020 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=e0119 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.RVW.19.00119 |pmid=32224633|pmc=7161716 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Parallel study|Parallel-group]] – each participant is randomly assigned to a group, and all the participants in the group receive (or do not receive) an intervention.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaiser |first1=Joerg |last2=Niesen |first2=Willem |last3=Probst |first3=Pascal |last4=Bruckner |first4=Thomas |last5=Doerr-Harim |first5=Colette |last6=Strobel |first6=Oliver |last7=Knebel |first7=Phillip |last8=Diener |first8=Markus K. |last9=Mihaljevic |first9=André L. |last10=Büchler |first10=Markus W. |last11=Hackert |first11=Thilo |title=Abdominal drainage versus no drainage after distal pancreatectomy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial |journal=Trials |date=7 June 2019 |volume=20 |issue=1 |page=332 |doi=10.1186/s13063-019-3442-0|pmid=31174583 |pmc=6555976 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farag |first1=Sara M. |last2=Mohammed |first2=Manal O. |last3=EL-Sobky |first3=Tamer A. |last4=ElKadery |first4=Nadia A. |last5=ElZohiery |first5=Abeer K. |title=Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials |journal=JBJS Reviews |date=March 2020 |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=e0119 |doi=10.2106/JBJS.RVW.19.00119 |pmid=32224633|pmc=7161716 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
为了在较小的随机对照试验中平衡组的大小，建议采用某种形式的“受限”随机化。
为了在较小的随机对照试验中平衡组的大小，建议采用某种形式的“受限”随机化。
=== By outcome of interest (efficacy vs. effectiveness) ===
=== By outcome of interest (efficacy vs. effectiveness) ===