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Aristotle (/ærɪsˈtɒtəl/;Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion.
Aristotle (/ærɪsˈtɒtəl/;Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Lyceum, the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and the Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion.
亚里士多德(Aristotle)是古希腊古典时期的希腊哲学家和博学家。在’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> </font>’’’柏拉图(Plato)的指导下，他创立了吕克昂学院、哲学逍遥学派和亚里士多德传统。他的著作涉及许多学科，包括’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 物理学 physics </font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 生物学 biology </font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 动物学 zoology</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 形而上学 metaphysics</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 逻辑学 logic</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 伦理学 ethics</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 美学 aesthetics</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 诗歌 poetry</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 戏剧 theatre</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 音乐music </font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 修辞学 rhetoric</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 心理学 psychology</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 语言学 linguistics</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 经济学 economics</font>’’’、’’’<font color=’’#ff8000’’> 政治学 politics</font>’’’和政府。Aristotle对在他之前存在的各种哲学进行了复杂的综合。最重要的是，正是从他的教诲中，西方继承了其知识词汇，以及问题和探究方法。因此，他的哲学对西方几乎所有的知识形式都产生了独特的影响，并且继续成为当代哲学讨论的主题。
亚里士多德(Aristotle)是古希腊古典时期的哲学家和博物学家。在'''<font color="#ff8000"> 柏拉图</font>'''(Plato)的指导下，他创立了吕克昂学院、哲学逍遥学派和亚里士多德传统。他的著作涉及许多学科，包括'''<font color="#ff8000"> 物理学 physics </font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 生物学 biology </font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 动物学 zoology</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 形而上学 metaphysics</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 逻辑学 logic</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 伦理学 ethics</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 美学 aesthetics</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 诗歌 poetry</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 戏剧 theatre</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 音乐 music </font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 修辞学 rhetoric</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 心理学 psychology</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 语言学 linguistics</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 经济学 economics</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 政治学 politics</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000">政府论 government</font>'''。亚里士多德对在他之前存在的各种哲学进行了复杂的综合。最重要的是，正是从他的教诲中，西方世界继承了他的知识词汇、问题，和研究方法。因此，他的哲学对西方几乎所有的知识领域都产生了独特的影响，并且继续成为当代哲学讨论的主题。
Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of [[Stagira (ancient city)|Stagira]] in [[Northern Greece]]. His father, [[Nicomachus (father of Aristotle)|Nicomachus]], died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age he joined [[Plato's Academy]] in [[Athens]] and remained there until the age of thirty-seven ([[Circa|c.]] 347 BC).{{sfn|Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.)}} Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of [[Philip II of Macedon]], tutored [[Alexander the Great]] beginning in 343 BC.{{sfn|Russell| 1972}} He established a library in the [[Lyceum (Classical)|Lyceum]] which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on [[papyrus]] [[scrolls]]. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.{{sfn|Barnes|1995|p=9}}
Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of [[Stagira (ancient city)|Stagira]] in [[Northern Greece]]. His father, [[Nicomachus (father of Aristotle)|Nicomachus]], died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age he joined [[Plato's Academy]] in [[Athens]] and remained there until the age of thirty-seven ([[Circa|c.]] 347 BC).{{sfn|Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.)}} Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of [[Philip II of Macedon]], tutored [[Alexander the Great]] beginning in 343 BC.{{sfn|Russell| 1972}} He established a library in the [[Lyceum (Classical)|Lyceum]] which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on [[papyrus]] [[scrolls]]. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.{{sfn|Barnes|1995|p=9}}
Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira in Northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.
Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira in Northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.
关于他的生平我们知之甚少。亚里士多德出生于希腊北部的斯塔基拉市。他的父亲尼科马修斯（Nicomachus），在亚里士多德还是个孩子的时候就去世了，他是由一位监护人抚养长大的。十七岁的时候，他加入了雅典的柏拉图学院，一直呆到37岁(约公元前347年)。在柏拉图死后不久，亚里士多德离开了雅典，在腓力二世的要求下，他从公元前343年开始辅导亚历山大大帝。他在吕克昂里建立了一个图书馆，帮助他制作了数百本纸莎草卷轴的书籍。尽管亚里士多德写了许多优美的论文和对话录供出版，但是只有三分之一的原著保存下来，且没有一本是他打算出版的。